The Freedom of Speech - 414 Words

Freedom of speech is one thing, but when it is damaging to society something can and should be done. Freedom of speech is solidly enshrined in the first amendment of the constitution of the USA and this is hand in hand spelt out with the freedom of press since the two more often than not go together in the contemporary society (Find Law, 2012). It is paramount that these provisions of expression and means of expression (the press) are guarded with sanctity and jealousy they deserve. This is on the backdrop of the various examples displayed across the world, particularly in the developing and underdeveloped words where abuse of these two provisions have deteriorated into total dictatorship, rule of the iron fist, suppression of opposition voices and curtailment of free speech and expression of ideologies. The constitution allows us enough room to do what we want to do, whenever we want to do and however we want it but must be within reason and under the confines of law. Freedom of speech unregulated can amount to uncontrollable chaos and breed anarchy within the country. There is us ually a very thin line between freedom of speech and using the same to propagate hate speech, slander, malice, incitement, derogatory harangue, insults and outright propagation of lies. All of these are unethical and criminal depending on the context since they are forms of speech but can lead to lawlessness and create disorder. The diverse nature of speech in the contemporary societyShow MoreRelatedFreedom : Freedom Of Speech And Freedom Of Speech1167 Words   |  5 Pagesdetermining how much freedom the citizens in a society has. Throughout history we have seen many different type of governments that include North Koreas’ dictatorship to the United States that has a government based on principles of democracy. In societies that have democratic governments such as the United States, England, France, and many other western European countries, the citizens have a high degree of freedom of speech. In addition, these people are allowed to have a high degree of freedom of though tRead MoreFreedom Of Speech : The Freedoms Of Freedom Of Speech937 Words   |  4 PagesFreedom of speech now a day’s means being able to have the right to express one’s own opinions without restraint. The United States of America is an open country for any U.S. citizen to be free to say what one would like. By citizens having freedom of speech, it gives the people the right to use hate speech. Freedom of speech belongs to every person in the United States. Here lately citizens are witnessing the rising concerns with hate speech. Unfortunately, hate speech is protected by freedomRead MoreFreedom And Freedom Of Speech Essay2518 Words   |  11 Pages Many people come to the United States looking for freedom and liberty and where their essential rights are protected under the Constitution. However, freedom should not be taken for granted as for every rule there may be limits. The First Amendment of the United States’ Constitution states that â€Å"Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably toRead MoreThe Freedom Of Hate Speech Is Not Freedom Speech1143 Words   |  5 PagesHate Speech is not Freedom Speech Between August 11th and August 12th of 2017, the world watched the disturbance news of what was going on in Charlottesville, Virginia. The horrific videos and images left the world in shock. Groups of white supremacy, nationalists, hitler youths marched in unison screaming, â€Å"White lives matter! Blood and Soils! You will not replace us! Jews will not replace us!† More groups enraged their voices across Virginia to scream hate speech to other races. They threatenedRead MoreSpeech : Freedom Of Speech1364 Words   |  6 Pages Even though freedom of speech can be tricky, understanding what can be said under the first amendment is key. This will give you more confidence when you re talking about current events, it ll inhibit social interaction, but the biggest reason of all is understanding your rights will keep you out of jail. Even the supreme court struggles to determine what exactly constitutes protected speech. When trying to see if your covered by the first amendme nt, certain questions have to be displayed. AreRead MoreFreedom Of Speech : The Importance Of The Freedom Of Speech1039 Words   |  5 PagesFreedom of speech is a right protected by the First Amendment. According to the administrative office of the United States Courts (n.d.), the First Amendment states that, â€Å"Congress shall make no law... abridging freedom of speech.† Freedom of speech is arguably one of the most cherished American values in the First Amendment. As defined by an online unabridged Dictionary (n.d.), The rights covered by freedom of speech include the right to express opinions publicly without governmental interferenceRead MoreSpeech On Freedom Of Speech953 Words   |  4 PagesFreedom of speech is authorized to every person; rich or poor, young or old, every person holds different opinion and it’s their right to express it. The definition of Freedom of speech is, every person has the right to express his/her opinion without the fear of governme nt or society telling them it is wrong to express. Being individuals, we are all different. We all possess different ideas, tastes and thinking. Freedom of speech is like freedom of thoughts. If we are comfortable with each other’sRead MoreFreedom Of Speech : The Power Of Freedom Of Speech1860 Words   |  8 Pages Freedom of speech would be easy if words did not have power. Guaranteeing people, the right to say and print whatever they wanted would be easy if we could believe that words had no real effect. But unfortunately, Americans tend to believe that words do have power and that they can anger and inspire, cause people to rise up and act out in harmful ways. Americans celebrate speakers like James Otis, Abraham Lincoln, and Martin Luther King, Jr., whose words inspired people to fight for independenceRead MoreSpeech On Freedom Of Speech1484 Words   |  6 Pages Abby Koopmann Ethics Freedom of Speech Professor Hunt Culver Stockton College Freedom of Speech Americans have many freedoms that people in other countries can only wish they had. Just imagine a life where you could possibly be killed for speaking your mind and stating your opinion, other countries are living lives like that. According to Katy Davis, The United States ratified the first amendment on December 15th 1791 (Davis, n.d). We as a country don’t know where the governmentRead MoreFreedom Of Speech : Speech1105 Words   |  5 Pages Freedom of Speech Freedom of Speech, part of the First Amendment, is a privileged right that should not be taken lightly. The Milo Bill is said to protect students’ right to their freedom of speech on school grounds. It was introduced at Tennessee’s State House and is named after Milo Yiannopoulos, a British public speaker who made a career out of â€Å"trolling† liberals and gained publicity for uncalled-for acts, such as racist and harassing comments on Twitter, which got him banned from the social

Setting Boundaries on Technology Essay - 1698 Words

Setting Boundaries on Technology Technology has provided humans with an easier way of living. Computers, automobiles, televisions, radios, telephones, and airplanes are a few examples on how technology has contributed to making our lifestyle an easier and more comfortable place to live in. Scientific research has made a tremendous breakthrough with the different cures for diseases. These technological advances have saved and improved lives. Although there are positive aspects of technology that are beneficial to society there are negative aspects as well. Take for instance, being able to clone someone is something critics will say is immoral. Being able to clone is an example of technology advancements never thought possible, but help†¦show more content†¦On the contrary, critics argue that scientific research should have boundaries. That somethings are not to be forced but made naturally. Cloning has been a topic that everyone has mixed feelings over. Many people feel that the act of cloning is an attempt to act as God and not allowing nature to take its course. Other reasons for restricting advancement in technology is that critics believe that machines are replacing the need for workers. For example, when the cotton gin was invented many workers were laid off because of the fact that it was more efficient, and produced more quantity than manual labor. This shows that when a machine is invented, it is made to improve the standards of that time and sometimes at the expense of employment. So, the machine doing more work at a faster time produces more goods, leading to lying people off. In my opinion I feel that technology should have boundaries. There should be things that people should not touch and allow things to happen just the way they do. For instance, cloning should not be allowed. People should not make people. This is when boundaries should be placed. Cloning oneself can get out of hand. What if a person wants to make ten clones of oneself? Then everyone would be making multiples of himself or herself. Bringing someone to this world should be done naturally not forced. Anything forced will become chaotic. I feel that we are not capable of handling the responsibility of cloning, especially whenShow MoreRelatedPatient Centered Care Is A Philosophy Of Care Delivery818 Words   |  4 Pagesthe patient’s perspective and organizes the building blocks of work around the patient and her care. It consists of sequences of activities by all involved staff members who care for the patients. It is consistent with cooperative work in clinical settings. According to Schmidt and Simone, â€Å"cooperative work is constituted by the interdependence of multiple actors who, in their individual activities, in changing the state of their individual field of work, also change the state of the field of workRead MoreInterventions And Strategies That Can Help The Supervisee s Recognize And Manage Dual Relationships When They Arise1350 Words   |  6 Pageshandle boundary violations, and how to make ethical decisions. The clinical should implement a conceptual framework that will help the supervisee’s recognize and manage dual relationships when they arise. The clinical supervisor should bring awareness to the problem by informing the supervisees on the latest interventions and research that provide a better work environment for the workers, the clients, agency, and the community. Contemporary thinking regarding the dual relationships and boundary violationsRead MoreEssay about Professional Boundaries1195 Words   |  5 Pagespatient trusting in the nurse’s ability to care for them. Professional boundaries are an intricate aspect of a nurse’s daily work. These boundaries are based on trust, respect and the appropriate use of power. Breaches can be classified as boundary crossings, boundary violations or sexual misconduct. Breaches of boundaries lead to violations of a nurse’s professional responsibility. Nurses must maintain these boundaries to ensure patient care can remain within the zone of helpfulness. EveryRead MoreProfessional Boundaries in Nursing Essay1106 Words   |  5 Pagestrusting one another. The use of nursing skills can ensure these boundaries are maintained, it allows for safe patient care. Professional boundaries are the line that nurses cannot cross, involving aspects such as patient confidentiality and privacy, ensuring legal aspects of nursing and the boundaries put in place are not breached. However, nurses accepting financial or personal gain from patient can also cross these professional boundaries. It is only through education in this area that the rights ofRead MoreSocial Networking Is Becoming A Popular Form Of Communication1514 Words   |  7 Pagesstudent nurse, and recommendations for safe social networking use. Social networking can be thought of as using internet based websites, such as Facebook, Twitter, and LinkedIn, as well as other services, such as applications and mobile-based technologies, to interact and communicate with people from across the world, and to share information, pictures, and resources with a very large audience. Social networking sites can also be used to find other users who have similar interests as you and isRead MoreThe Art of Mariko Mori: The Use of Body as a Subject Matter to Represent Issues of Identity and Culture in Her Society1174 Words   |  5 Pagesinstability of identity by presenting herself in glittering, self-designed costumes in extremely out of the world settings, juxtaposing reality and fantasy. She approaches her work in a rather narcissistic way, documenting herself as different images, taking on different identities and roles to convey her intentions in her artworks. Her works is a mixture of culture and technology, art and performance, nature and spirituality. She is especially interested in the synthesis of opposites, mainly scienceRead MoreWhy Cap And Trade Is A Better Solution857 Words   |  4 Pagesfirst, that the government or agency have already figured out the target setting in which encourages emission reduction but stimulates technological innovation. Secondly, the trading systems between corporations are transparent and honest. Last, I am also assuming that there can only be one solution to carbon reduction. As a result of dumping unlimited amounts of carbon pollution into the atmosphere, we have exceed planetary boundary, thus the government should immediately regulate and monitor carbonRead MoreA New Set Of National Patient Safety Essay1014 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction In health care settings across the country patient care is compromised by various preventable mistakes. Health care workers (HCW) are continuously pushing the boundaries of time constraints. As these demands are increased the possibility for poor patient outcomes also increase. Prevention is the first line of defense and promotes healthy practices for HCW and patients. The Joint Commission (TJC) collects data pertaining to the incidences, information surrounding each case and establishesRead MoreTelemedicine : A More Effective And Efficient Healthcare System Essay1386 Words   |  6 Pages Technology is rapidly advancing in healthcare, leading to new treatment modalities and options for healthcare providers and their patients. Telemedicine is at the forefront of these advances, creating a more effective and efficient healthcare system. Formally defined, telemedicine is the use of medical information exchanged from one site to another via electronic communications, to improve a patient’s clinical health status (ATA, 2012). Telemedicine is an umbrella term that includes TelehealthRead MoreDomain Analysis Of Common Carotid Artery Images Using Multiwavelets For The Diagnosis Of Cardiovascular Diseases1322 Words   |  6 PagesDomain Analysis of Common Carotid Artery Images using Multiwavelets for the Diagnosis of Cardiovascular Diseases R.Nandakumar 1 and K.B. Jayanthi 2 1Professor, Department of ECE, K.S.R.Institute for Engineering and Technology 2Professor, Department of ECE, K.S.Rangasamy College of Technology E-mail: nandhu.r79@gmail.com, jayanthikb@gmail.com ABSTRACT: According to the report given by World Health Organization, by 2015 almost 20 million people will die from cardiovascular diseases (CVD). People in low-

Oligopoly Dynamics Models and Tools

Question: Discuss about the Oligopoly Dynamics for Models and Tools. Answer: Introduction In economics, market structures can be dealt in mainly four types that is Perfect competition, monopoly, oligopoly and monopolistic competition. Oligopoly is one of the market that dominates the other market structures such as Australia is said to be known for land of oligopolies which accompanies supermarkets, telecommunications, insurance as well as backing. Although, Australia is predominantly an oligopoly state it has been facing issues in surviving its oligopoly structure because the barriers of entry as higher costs, knowledge and economies of scale. The organizations that have been competing the oligopoly structure in Australia have high margins, excessive earnings, and lower costs of entry due to digitalization in the economy (Doyle, 2013). This is not only impacting the industry structure of Australia but also attracted new competition in the market whether it is in supermarkets, telecommunication or finance industry. On the other hand, the financial resources and regulations have not much been a hurdle in Australia lately due to combined market sales and the rise of differentiated products. Moreover, the regulations of Australia or patents have not been an issue at all for the new competition entering in the market. As an oligopoly structure dominates the other firms in the same industry and due to highly differentiated products, the competition is between sales and not price of the commodities (Fudenberg, Tirole, 2013). The actions of an oligopoly firm has been creating a verge of ruling the market while keeping a close watch on its competitors through price wars (Schmidt-Dengler Takahashi, 2015). The oligopoly structure can be well defined with the kinked demand curve whether two or more companies dominate the industry by creating monopoly power. The graphs that can further explain the method is give below. The profit maximization of kinked demand curve explains the behaviors of two firms in an industry that makes the demand curve elastic at high prices. The profit maximization is described when marginal costs (MC) equated with marginal revenue (Levy Tardiff, 2014). An oligopolistic firm differentiates its prices by appreciating its prices above a point P assuming that other firms will not follow the suit due to barriers of entry like economies of scale, product differentiation, capital requirements, distribution channels, complicated change of supplier, government regulation or technology know how (Sushko, 2013). In Australia, earlier the firms were not available to cope up with growing competitions of the duopoly in the supermarkets that is Woolworths and Coles. However, recently there is shift in the landscape because of the incumbents market share effect and the power that the big players possess (Adiktd, 2017). This is because other supermarkets have started to make an impact in the land of Australia that are German Aldi, SPAR and Costco as the supply chain has been captured by the new competitors. There has been major hit for the monopoly Telstra in telecom industry as now shares the same platform with Optus and Vodaphone Australia. The invisible hand has stepped and power has been shaken of a five year dominating organization by its competitors because it has been slowest and costliest inhibitor of innovation and growth of the business (Smith, 2015). On the other hand, one of the major factor of the dearth of oligopolies in Australia is the poor policy that has not achieved the regulations success due to business practices. Moreover, Australia has a sluggish growth and due to maintain the oligopoly power has a large budget deficit (Strong, 2016). On the contrary, aggressive firms like Optus and Vodaphone has created an impact on Singtel such that it is delisting from Australian Exchange. When analyzed on insurance, oligopoly market Insurance Australia Group (IAG) and Suncorp has resulted in losing market share due to online promotions as they have no stronger role in media advertising. This barrier of entry has been taken advantage and the firms like TPG Telecom and iiNet have been performing mergers. The same impact can be seen on television industry Foxtel competitors possess cheaper alternatives which have lured the subscribers away. The same has been significant in the mining industry where organizations like Rio Tinto and BH P Billiton has been fighting for their legacy as the low cost rival Fortescue Metals has flooded the market driving down process and new formation of distribution channels for supply (Smith, 2015). Recommendation The forecast has been showing that the number of margins of the competitors in the Australia might grow which will continue to perspire assets of the established monopolies and oligopolies in the market. This can be curbed if the monopolies and oligopolies in the Australian market do not damage the growing level of innovation through the unwise behavior because of rising competition from the new competitors. Moreover, the productivity of the country is hampered by the producers and manufacturers who are facing dilemma because of pressure from oligopolies that are held by poor means (Strong, 2016). Secondly, as per economics analysis the taking up o market penetration needs to be gauged at possible outcomes of being a monopolistic or being efficient. However, to maintain market share, the Oligopoly market needs to have increased profits and large market share as similar to Bertrands competition which is pareto optimal (Huck, Lnser, Tyran, 2016). Conversely, if there is continuous pressure to perform reforms to maintain profits from shareholders, then the cartel arrangement would be suitable to act like a monopoly without the external intervention. Conclusion To conclude, the above view of salted Australian society needs to be checked with growing number of competition which the monopolies, oligopolies and duopolies are facing. Moreover, the reforms will help in reforming the organizations so the competitive law is removed ensuring dominance by not taking advantage of it. The economic analysis drawn highlights the plight of strong oligopoly, duopoly competitors that have been trying hard to maintain their monopoly power by good practices so that the resources can be accessed. References Adiktd. (2017). A slightly salted view of society: Oligopoly in the Australian Banking Sector. The-efficient-frontier.blogspot.in. Retrieved 22 April 2017, from https://the-efficient-frontier.blogspot.in/ Doyle, G. (2013).Understanding media economics. SAGE Publications Limited. Fudenberg, D., Tirole, J. (2013).Dynamic models of oligopoly. Taylor Francis. Huck, S., Lnser, G. K., Tyran, J. R. (2016). Price competition and reputation in markets for experience goods: An experimental study.The RAND Journal of Economics,47(1), 99-117. Levy, D. S., Tardiff, T. J. (2014). Pricing and Maximizing Profits Within Corporations. InDemand for Communications ServicesInsights and Perspectives(pp. 185-209). Springer US. Schmidt-Dengler, P., Takahashi, Y. (2015). Entry and Shakeout in Dynamic Oligopoly. Smith, M. (2015). The death of the oligopoly: Australia's incumbents face new rivals. Financial Review. Retrieved 22 April 2017, from https://www.afr.com/brand/chanticleer/the-death-of-the-oligopoly-australias-incumbents-face-new-rivals-20150421-1mq11b (Main article which has been) Strong, P. (2016). Why Australias love affair with oligopolies needs to end - SmartCompany. SmartCompany. Retrieved 22 April 2017, from https://www.smartcompany.com.au/business-advice/legal/why-australias-love-affair-with-oligopolies-needs-to-end/ Sushko, I. (Ed.). (2013).Oligopoly dynamics: Models and tools. Springer Science Business Media.

Role of Vitamin and Calcium in Bone Formation

Question: Discuss about theRole of Vitamin and Calcium in Bone Formation. Answer: Function of Calcium and Vitamin D: Calcium is a mineral that is actually the building blocks of bone and takes part in maintaining the bone strength throughout the lifetime of an individual (Rubin, Weiss James, 2013). However calcium can only reach its potential in bone building activity if only vitamin S is present. Vitamin mainly helps the body to absorb calcium. thereby they coordinate among themselves that is calcium helps in building bones and vitamin helps the body in absorbing calcium. Sources: Calcium is obtained from reduced fat or skimmed milk, low fat fruity yogurt, calcium fortified juice, Swiss cheese and calcium fortified certain cereals. Vitamin D is obtained from sunlight. Besides it is also obtained from Vitamin D fortified milk, fatty fish as well as egg yolks ("Vitamin D", 2017). Deficiency: Nutrients like vitamin D along with magnesium and phosphorus help in calcium absorption and therefore it deficient in turn leads to dietary calcium deficiency as the calcium cannot be absorbed (Yong, 2016). Moreover, lack of vitamin D in diet along with lack of exposure to sunlight causes osteomalacia or rickets in children resulting in softening of bones. It results in impairment in bone mineralization and bone damage. Also results in the When there is inadequate calcium intake, the calcium stores in the body will eventually deplete. This will result in the weakening of the bones as well as osteoporosis. References: Rubin, R. P., Weiss, G. B., James Jr, W. (2013).Calcium in biological systems. Springer Science Business Media. Vitamin D. (2017).Betterhealth.vic.gov.au. Retrieved 21 April 2017, from https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/healthyliving/vitamin-d Yong, T. Y. (Ed.). (2016).Recent Advances in Geriatric Medicine: Chronic Diseases in Geriatric Patients(Vol. 1). Bentham Science Publishers.

Dawn By Elie Wiesel Essays (845 words) - The Holocaust, Literature

Dawn By Elie Wiesel The book I read for my book review was Dawn, bye Elie Wiesel. This story represents the post WWII struggle of the Israeli freedom fighters ? one young man in particular, who has found himself on the other side of the gun. Wiesel himself severed his time in the death camps at Auschwitz and Buchenwald during the War, and had previously written Night, the memoirs of his experiences. The purpose of this book, in my mind, was to express the inner most thoughts and the anguish of Elisha. Elisha is 18 years old. He was recruited by a gentleman named Gad, who turned him into a fighter. He has killed before for their cause, but only in groups ? never alone. Our bullets were a flaming wall on which their lives were shattered? My five comrades and I set out to either kill or to be killed.? Pg28. But now, Elisha wasn't in a group. He had been ordered to execute an English officer, John Dawson, as to compensate for the British capturing David ben Moshe, one of their own. In tradition, executions always took place at dawn in their culture; usually around 5AM. Elisha has less than twelve hours before he will be labeled as a murderer for the rest of his life. He's having a difficult time coming to the reality that he is going to have to kill a man on his own. ?I should forget this night. But the dead never forget? In their eyes I should be forever branded a killer.? Pg69. Of course, then again, if anyone were put into that position ? having to kill a man, who has done nothing wrong except be born of English blood ? I think they would be having some serious issues with themselves as well. In the Jewish tradition, there is a lot of focus on and towards nighttime. Night is a very important in that ?Night is purer than day; it is better for thinking and loving and dreaming. At night everything is more intense, more true. The echo of words that have been spoken during the day take on a new and deeper meaning. The tragedy of man is that he doesn't know how to distinguish between night and day. He says things at night that should only be said by day.? Pg4. Also, according to their realigion, at midnight, the dead rise and go to the synagogue to pray. At one point, during the night before Dawson's death, Elisha sees the ghosts of his parents, and old Master, of his fiend Yerachmiel, and of a little beggar boy. These ghosts help Elisha cope with what he is about to go through. Throughout the book, there is a lot of mention of the ?war? between the Israelis and the British. At one point it's said that, ?War is like night? it covers everything.? I very much agree with this statement. War does cover everything, mentally, physically, and ecologically; war has no care as to who it hurts, why, or how. As Night is drawing closer to an end, Elisha realizes that he doesn't want to go down to the basement, where John Dawson is being held, and kill a man he has never known. That's a cowardice thing to do in their culture. ?I said that I wanted to go down before the time was up, to see the fellow, and talk, and get to know him. It was cowardly, I said, to kill a complete stranger. It was like war, where you don't shoot at men, but into the night? you never know whether any of the enemy was killed, or which one. To execute a stranger would be the same thing. If I were to see him as only he died, I would feel as if I shot at a dead man.? This, I feel is another powerful quote that makes good food for thought. I, and I'm sure others as well, can't even fathom what Elisha is going through. Elisha does go down to meet John Dawson, about an hour before the dawn. He gets to know him, about his life, and family. He even promises to mail a letter to

The Role of the Hippocampus in Learning and Memory essays

The Role of the Hippocampus in Learning and Memory essays The role of the hippocampus in learning and memory has been examined for many years. Studies have used rats, monkeys, and other animals and given them a variety of lesions to the hippocampus and other parts of the brain. These were followed by a variety of tests that involved learning and memory. Although most of the tests showed a correlation between injury to the hippocampus and affliction to learning and memory, the extent of the testing and the detail to which is has been studied gives a much larger picture of the possibilities for human comparison. Olton, D.S. rats. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behaviour Processes, 2(2), Olton and Samuelson completed six experiments for their study of rats and spatial memory. All experiments used a radial arm maze for testing. The first three involved placing the rats in the maze to explore and search for food. A variety of changes were made in each experiment to test spatial memory. The results of these tests showed that one the rats began to run into the arms of the maze, changes had no effect on the accuracy of choice. Experiment four was concerned with the memory element of which arm had been chosen previously. The authors made changes in the maze, and they studied the data from a number of angles. The rats memory processes while problem solving was studied. Experiment five increased the number of choices, resulting in a reduction in accuracy, and experiment six tested the sequence of changes made in the maze and whether the rats could quickly recover choice accuracy. Overall results show that rats can remember which arm of the maze they have already chosen, but this is affected by both the increase in the number of choices and the length of time between repetitions of choices. The rats treated each arm as a separate space and stored the information in the same manner. ...

China is one of the Main Countries that Export Their Goods to the Essay

China is one of the Main Countries that Export Their Goods to the United States - Essay Example Putting tariffs on the goods from China to the United States has been one of the most controversial debates. There has been a section of the society that have insisted on the importance of, and urgency with which goods from China should be subjected to tariffs. However, another section has warned of possible repercussions should this policy be implemented. This paper seeks to defend the decision to put tariff on tires from China. China remains the main threat to the economy of the United States. This is because it is taking up the markets that were previously a preserve for the United States. It has come up with cheap products in the world market because they have reduced cost of production due to cheap labor in their home country. This has seen them acquire various markets in the world, including the market in the United States. As Sandwick (56) says, although it is good to encourage competition within the economy in order to facilitate fair trade, some competitions are obviously un fair. This scholar points out to the fact that in the process of facilitating fair trade, care should be taken to ensure that none of the players have an unfair advantage over others. The tires from China have been made using very cheap labor back in the parent country. When they are brought to the United States, they come with prices that reflect the cost of labor. There are other firms within the United States producing the same products locally with the cost of labor being much higher than that in China. This local US firm will also bring their products to the American market taking into account the cost of production. When the two competitors meet in the same market, the Chinese firms will have an unfair advantage over other firms. Their prices will definitely be more attractive than those of the local firms. This will result in a situation where these foreign firms will cannibalize the local firms. They would take the largest share of the local market, and due to frustration, t he local firms would be forced out of the market, or be absorbed by the foreign firm. It can be very unfortunate when a foreign firm drives out the local firms from the market. The situation is worsened by the fact that these local firms cannot export to China because back in China, the prices would even be lower and these American firms would need to incur transport and other costs. Other markets around the world have also been taken by these Chinese firms with very cheap products. This would completely eliminate the local firms from the market, a fact that can lead to serious pressure on the economy. Some individuals have argued that China is one of the main countries where the United States exports their products. These pundits argue that by imposing tariffs on the Chinese goods, the Chinese government may respond by imposing the same on the American products coming to their country, a fact that would reduce profits of the American exporters. Although this argument is very valid, a mathematical calculation would still point out that the US stands to lose if the tariffs are not imposed. This is because Chinese export to the US is fast outgrowing its imports from the US. This is even worsened by the fact that the Chinese exports are so cheap, thereby posing serious threats to the US firms. It is a fact that by imposing a tax, the US exporters may feel the pinch. However, it would protect the local firms; hence protecting the local economy from a possible wipeout by the Chinese firms. Rollin argues that

Comprehensive Annual Fnancial Report Briefing Essay

Comprehensive Annual Fnancial Report Briefing - Essay Example As a result, they have to invest more in marketing because that is the component that will help the companies to boost their profits. On the other hand, the governmental organizations usually deal more on assisting citizens of the country. That means that the efforts of the government are usually towards helping the citizens of the country as opposed to making profits. Therefore most of the services that are offered by the government are usually subsidized and that will help to ensure that the poor and needy people in the community get access to the most essential facilities. The main sources of government revenue include fines that are collected, licenses, and donations. That means that any government facility that is available doe not majorly deal on the issue of making profit but basically charges a small fee for the facilities to be able to sustain their most essential needs (Martin, 2000). The other differences include the following, the owners of the government facilities is th e public whereas for profit corporations are owned by shareholders. The decision is made by the shareholder of the company whereas the decision for governmental facilities is made by the people that have been elected by the public as their representatives. The government facilities do not aim at making profits while the for-profit corporations usually aim at making of profits. ... es Notes of financial statements The statements that are prepared by for profit organizations include; Balance sheet Income statement Statement of cash flows Statement of stockholder’s equity Notes of financial statements The source of revenues for the government include the following Donor contributions Fines Taxes Levies Investment income Grants Source of income for the for profit business include the following Sales of merchandise Fees for services Investment income Gains on investments MD and A This should introduce financial statements that are basic and give an overview that is analytical in regard to the activities of the government. The MD & A usually provides a financial manager with a good opportunity to present both long and short term analysis of the activities that regard the operations of the government. The process should; provide an n analysis that is objective and easily read in regard to governmental activities. It should also include analysis that shows year ly performance. The analysis should show the yearly source of income for the government, the usage of funds by the various governmental bodies, the way the funds were distributed and any amounts that were left as surplus. This process will ensure that there is accountability in the government and that the fund that is associated with the public is appropriated well so as to ensure that there is no instance of fund misappropriations. The MD&A usually focus primarily on the government. The comments that are found in the MD&A should be able to distinguish between information hat regards the different components of the government and the primary government working and the primary government. The e outline of the MD&A 1. Brief description of financial statements. The description should include

Business writing - Informal Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Business writing - Informal Report - Essay Example Although the NCLB act act was signed into law to help improve school performance it has not been as successful. On the contrary, the act has only narrowed the curriculum to the detriment of science subjects. The federal and state governments have continued to invest the vast amounts of resources that in public education. Over the past few decades, the average performance of American schools has increasingly stagnated. This has been particularly attributed to the effects of rapid globalization. . Consequently the stakeholders of the U.S public schools need to be informed of the causes of low performances (NCES, 14). This report will therefore be Significantly critical in providing valuable insights into the causes of poor performance in our schools. Finally the report will help in the evaluation of potential mitigation measures for the stagnating performance in American schools. There are a number of potential causes of the current problem of low performance in American public schools. One of such causes is the problem is misallocation of resources and poor funding. For example, public schools generally receive fewer funds and sometimes these funds are distributed unequally in these schools. As a result students in private and chattered schools tend to perform better. Characteristically, most public schools are understaffed though the students in these schools are many. This often result into low educational and staffing ratios or rather student-teacher ratio (Darling, 87). Generally, the current issue of inequitable funding and misallocation of resources can be attributed to the following reasons: Public schools in the USA normally allow corporations apart from the federal government to manage chain of these schools. Consequently this has brought about different policies and procedures for the management of these schools because there may be contradictions in the policies. i. Poor documentation of administrative procedures-

Comparison of Tolerance in Various Faiths

Comparison of Tolerance in Various Faiths Tolerance as a skill and an attitude to life has become essential for the very survival of humanity. One of the fallouts of the much discussed globalization process is the demand to meet, work and live with people of totally different culture,.. ethnicity and backgrounds. How one manages this heterogeneity of cultures and lire styles is very crucial for the survival of humanity. In 1995 when UNESCO declared the year as a year of Tolerance, the purpose indeed was to bring to light the high levels of intolerance manifested all over the world. UNESCO called for education for tolerance to counter the influences that lead to fear and exclusion of others. The most significant thing about the whole exercise was the acceptance of the fact that the diversity of our worlds many religions, languages, cultures and ethnicities is not a pretext for conflict, but is a treasure that enriches us aI1.(UNESCO,1995). Just as religion and various faiths have created intolerance, they also have the resources and the fundamental insights and practices to build a tolerant world. This paper is an attempt to highlight how various faiths and religions can contribute to the building of tolerance in the world at large. It will look at the context of the discussion, various religious faiths and search for commonalities that build tolerance. Distortions also need to be identified. The argument of the paper is that the core of any religious faith promotes tolerance and hence the struggle is to keep faithful to the core of religious faiths and practices. THE CONTEXT: A MULTI-RELIGIOUS SOCIETY India is known for its multiplicity of religions. It is in fact the cradle of world religions. Being the birth place of many religious traditions and an eternal source of spiritual inspiration and guidance, Indian is looked upon as a source of spiritual succour. It is interesting that everyone in India, barring a very small minority officially profess a religion, though they may not be practicing it. Table 1. India Land of Religions Hindus 80 per cent Muslims 14 per cent Christian 2.4 per cent Sikh 2 per cent Buddhists 0.7 per cent J ains 0.5 per cent Others 0.4 per cent Religion not stated 0.07 per cent It is only a minuscule section who does not publicly affirm any religious affiliation. It is still a regular experience that people from the West flock to India looking for spiritual guidance and fulfillment. At the same time, religious fundamentalism and consequent communal disharmony have become everyday experience too. Communal riots have become a regular feature, destroying the very peace that religion tries to build and maintain. There are claims that in three to five years there were 37,000 communal riots in the country (Hussain, 2002). The fact is that there is communal disharmony created by the fundamentalist groups in various religions and abetted by political interests. Religion by its very nature works for harmony. Can these religions regain their original inspiration for harmony and peace? Understanding Religion It is important to understand religion in its original meaning. Very broadly, religion is any specific system of belief about deity, often involving rituals, a code of ethics and a philosophy of life. This definition includes all of the great monotheistic religions, Eastern religions, neopagan religions, a wide range of other faith groups, spiritual paths, and ethical systems, beliefs about the existence of Gods and goddesses.(Glock and Stark, www.hewett.norfo/k.sch.uk/curric/soc/reliqion/re/1.htm) Five core dimensions of religion Five core dimensions of religion as listed by Glock and Stark (ibid.) are the following: The belief consequence The practice consequence ritualized worship The knowledge dimension information and knowledge about the beliefs The consequence dimension affecting behaviour The expectation experience Expectations regarding and experience or through prayer. Invariably every religious system contains these components of belief, rituals, information and knowledge, behavioural consequences and the expectations that guide the whole system. At the primordial level religions come together or are able to vibe with each other in the areas of expectations and experiences. At the belief levels, particularly the dogmatic articulations, the rituals, or the behavioural traditions, there are likely to be diversities. A brief look at major religions Hinduism: Hinduism is the worlds third largest religion, after Christianity and Islam. It claims about 837 million followers, i.e. 13 per cent of the worlds population. Geographically, it is the dominant religion in India, Nepal and among the Tamils in Sri Lanka. According to the Yearbook of American and Canadian Churches there are about 1.1 million Hindus in the U.S. A more accurate estimate may be 7, 66,000 Hindus in 2001 in the U.S. and in Canada 1,57,015. As the worlds oldest organized religion, Sanathana dharma, is best known for its tolerance. It is this religion which gave enough freedom for its followers to think on its basic principles. It even accepted and accepts the valuable concepts from other religions. The Rig Veda proclaims, Let the knowledge come from all the directions. It is this free thought and tolerance that allows the existence of many disciplines under this big tree each respecting one another. Hinduism is also the worlds largest pluralistic tradition. A multiplicity of spiritual paths and ways are recognized as valid in Hinduism. Hinduism is not based on the teachings of a single prophet or a single book. The teachings of many different sages and saints find home within Hinduism. God may be worshipped both in male and female forms. Hinduism has much in common with the earth based religious traditions ofthe world. Buddhism has the characteristics of what would be expected in a cosmic religion for the future. It transcends a personal God, avoids dogmas and theology. It covers both the natural and spiritual, and it is based on a religious sense aspiring from the experience of all things, natural and spiritual, as a meaningful unity. It teaches that all existence is suffering, that suffering is born of desire and that freedom from suffering, Nirvana, can be achieved by following the eightfold path that combines ethical behaviour, wisdom and mental discipline, including meditation. It has found followers in substantial number of people. Christianity as a religion focuses on the Fatherhood of God, and brotherhood of man. Jesus and his life form the basis for Christian faith. The life, death and resurrection of Jesus Christ are the means by which God saves the world. Christianity is a way of belief, worship and life characterized by love. With an estimated 2.1 billion adherents in 2001, Christianity is the worlds largest religion. It is the predominant religion in Europe, the Americas, Sub-Saharan Africa, the Philippine Islands, Australia, and New Zealand and is spreading widely in Asia, China and South Korea. Though Christianitys association with the colonization of the world has given it a different face, Christianity too like other religions carries a core of tolerance and love. Islam is a monotheistic religion which originated with the teaching of the Prophet Muhammad, a7th century Arab religious and political leader. Today, Islam is the second largest religion, and has about 1.4 billion followers, spread across the world. Islam emphasizes submission to the will of God. Etymologically it means peace, acceptance submission and total surrender of ones self to God. The divine revelation was communicated to the world through Muhammad, the prophet, the final one. The Koran, the traditions, Hadith and the manner of life of Muhammad, Sunna guide the life of a Muslim. For Islam, there is no god but God, Allah and Muhammad the prophet, is the apostle. Judaism propagates monotheism. The primordial experience of this community is the covenant election of Israel to be the bearers of this belief. Divine transcendence, God as the ground of all existence, ethical conception of God, concern for individual moral culture, universalism, election for service, and the unity of history in the purpose of God are some of the basic tenets of this ancient religion of the Jewish people. The practice of Judaism has been marked by the study and observance of the laws and commandments revealed by God and as written in the Torah, as well as those found in the Talmud. Around 14 million followers make Judaism the worlds eleventh largest organized religion. Seeking for the common and the Universal Religions have contributed to the peace of the world, but they have also led to division, hatred, and war. Religious people have too often betrayed the high ideals they themselves have preached. Thus people have felt obliged to call for sincere acts of repentance and mutual forgiveness, both personally and collectively, to one another, to humanity in general, and to Earth and all living beings.(UNESCO, 1994) It is true that religions can make a substantial contribution to an emerging culture of peace and harmony. The contribution the religions can make to an emerging culture of peace and harmony is to seek out what is common, or universal in all the religions. However, discovering a universal ground upon which the various religions could relate is problematic when it is attempted at the level of belief or ideology or in the doctrinal sphere. (Teasdale, Wayne and UNESCO, 1994) Religiosity divides, Spirituality unites In discussing religion as an instrument of peace and harmony, one needs to make this distinction between religiosity, which only can divide, and spirituality which can unite all believers. Religiosity focuses on the differences, whereas spirituality emphasizes what is common. Spirituality provides meaning to life and reality. It reveals the significance of life, making sense of situations and helping one to derive a purpose in life. Spirituality focuses on values, beliefs, standards and ethics one must cherish. Transcendence is the quality of spirituality, inviting the believer to move beyond the experienced. Spirituality connects, with the self, others, God and nature. Spirituality is also an invitation to become, to unfold life, reflecting and experiencing, ultimately leading to an experience of who one is and how one knows. In this sense, spirituality is more primary, primordial, numinous and a religious experience, and the emphasis is decidedly on experience, not on doctrine or b elief. Points of Similarity found in dialogue between spiritualities A close analysis of the various spiritualities reveals the following similarities which would really become a basis for building a culture of peace, harmony and tolerance 1. Experience of an ultimate reality, known by different names e.g. Allah, God, and Brahman and so on Ultimate reality cannot be limited by any name or concept Ultimate reality is the ground of infinite potentiality and actualization 4. Faith is opening, accepting and responding to Ultimate reality. Faith in this sense precedes every belief system 5. The potential for human wholeness- Enlightenment, Salvation, Blessedness, Nirvana etc. 6. Ultimate reality may be experienced not only through religious practices but also through nature, art, human relationships and service of others 7. As long as the human condition is experienced as separate from ultimate reality, it is subject to ignorance and illusion, weakness and suffering. 8. Disciplined practice is essential to the spiritual life; yet spiritual attainment is not the result of ones own efforts, but the result of the experience of oneness with Ultimate reality. Similarly there are some common practices too in all spiritualities. Practice of Compassion Service to others Practising moral precepts and virtues Training in meditation technique and regularity of practice Attention to diet and exercise Fasting and abstinence Relationship with a qualified teacher Repetition of sacred words( Mantra, Japa etc) 9. Movement and dance Formative Community. It is an amazing unity. There is so much common in the religious striving of humanity, in the common search for peace, harmony and ultimate satisfaction. Whereas fundamentalist and disruptive forces will focus on the religiosity and the differences, spirituality will seek for the commonalities and the harmonious. Agenda for the youth and Youth Animators. The social scenario in India and the world over demands an active youth population striving for peace and tolerance. In order to build a world of peace and harmony, tolerance as a skill and an attitude must precede. Hence the youth needs to take this agenda. And in this agenda for a harmonious world, where tolerance is the hallmark of every interaction, the youth must get involved in the following agenda: 1. Facilitate a change from religiosity to spirituality. Where there is so much of exhibitionism in religiosity, spirituality is quietly practicing peace, harmony and tolerance. 2. Confront the social and religious reality with insights from social sciences. Much of fundamentalism is fed on rumors, stereotypes and prejudices. This can be challenged with data and insights gathered from Social Science research. When factual data and critical analysis are combined, insights follow which will make a difference to practice. 3. Promote a new culture of spiritual activism. The society does witness substantial religious activism, the kind that divides and disrupts. A new culture of spiritual activism can and must be promoted to build a tolerant world, a world of peace and harmony. The commonalities in the spiritualities provide the basis for action. Conclusion There is far too much of communal disharmony in India and the world over. All of this is created by human being and much of it in the name of religion. The survival of humanity depends on the levels of tolerance that men and women are willing to develop and practice in their every day living. Religiosity has helped deepen this crisis. If communal disharmony is man made, communal harmony and tolerance also can only b e made by man. The only difference being that the latter needs to be built up as the result of a planned action towards a tolerant, just and humane society. As the paper argues, this can be facilitated by a focus on the spiritualities that unite. The youth and the youth animators can contribute to the building of a tolerant society by inculcating and training youth in healthy spirituality and by downplaying the difference creating religiosity. As UNESCO declared, We are aware of the worlds cultural and religious diversity. Each culture represents a universe in itself and yet it is not closed. Cultures give religions their language, and religions offer ultimate meaning to each culture. Unless we recognize pluralism and respect diversity, no peace is possible. We strive for the harmony which is at the very core of peace. References: 1. Hussain Syed Shanawaz. 2002. Reported in rediffmail. com 26 April 2. UNESCO. 1995. Various Papers in connection with the International Year of Tolerance 3. UNESCO. 1994. Declaration on the role of religion in the promotion of a culture of peace 4. Glock and Stark. Quoted in Sociology at Hewett. 5. www.hewett.norfolk.scl1.uk/curric/soc/religion/reI1.htm

Dracula As an Outsider Essay -- Literary Analysis

Dracula, as it was written by Bram Stoker, presents to us possibly the most infamous monster in all of literature. Count Dracula, as a fictional character, has come to symbolize the periphery between the majority and being an outsider to that group. Dracula’s appeal throughout the years and genres no doubt stems from his sense of romanticism and monster. Reader’s no doubt are attracted to his â€Å"bad-boy† sensibilities, which provide an attraction into the novel. Looking first at his appearance, personality, and behaviour at the beginning of the novel, we can easily see Dracula’s blurred outsider status, as he occupies the boundaries of human and monster. Related to this is Dracula’s geographic sense of outsider. For all intents and purposes, Dracula is an immigrant to England, thus placing him further into the realm of outsider. To look at Bram Stoker’s Dracula as solely a monster in the most violent sense of his actions would to be look at a sole aspect of his character, and so we must look at how he interacts with the outside world to genuinely understand him. The purpose of Dracula’s physical description is to place him against humanity and see how he stacks up. He has various features which obviously make him a vampire, such as a set of sharp teeth. But there are other peculiarities to his description which mark him as being an outsider. For instance, when Jonathon Harker, and by extension the reader, first meets Dracula, he describes him as being â€Å"a tall old man, clean shaven save for a long white moustache, and clad in black from head to foot† (Stoker 15). At this point, he is a regular looking man, or at least normal enough that nothing elicits a reaction in Jonathon. Later, however, the aberrant constitution of Dracula co... ...elf by taking other shapes and become something that no longer even reveals a human. Every part of Dracula’s â€Å"adventure† in England is a reaction to his outsider status, but more so because he attacks the readers, or at least the readers that Stoker was writing for, in their native land. Lastly, and possibly most importantly, Dracula’s otherness stems from the fact that he is an immigrant from a foreign land, a land that is itself removed from certainty as it is culturally between. This immigrant status first starts out as basic hatred, then turns into a fear as Dracula attempts to colonise England and dominate it. Works Cited Stoker, Bram. Dracula. Toronto: Project Gutenberg Publishings, 1897. Kane, Michael. â€Å"Insiders/Outsiders: Conrad's "The Nigger of the "Narcissus" " and Bram Stoker's â€Å"Dracula†Ã¢â‚¬  The Modern Language Review. 92.1 (1997): 1-21. Print.

We All Fall Down(Why Tt Was Banned)

We All Fall Down â€Å"Ring around the rosy, pocket full of posies, ashes, ashes, we all fall down. † This nursery rhyme and We All Fall Down are alike in a way. They both result in the falling of dead bodies as they land on the ground, now corpses. The book We All Fall Down was banned due to its violence and vandalism (Sova 2; We All Fall Down); the occurring sexual content (Marshall University Libraries 1); and the alcoholic references and profanity (Cormier; occurring theme) that haunt its pages.The book is worthwhile because it has such a suspenseful plot (Sova 1; We All Fall Down); its advanced vocabulary is enough to be at a college level and it teaches good morals and values (Cormier; throughout book); and the book explores the responsibilities of peoples towards others as well as the motives of teenagers to commit such brutal acts (Sova 2; We All Fall Down). This book shouldn’t be banned because it displays the struggles and family ties that the characters learn to cope with (Cormier; whole book).It has relationships between the trashers’ families and the main heroine’s that differ and demonstrate the importance of close knit ties (Sova 2; We All Fall Down). The book also contains romance to relieve itself from its dark, malignant plot (Sova 3; We All Fall Down). We All Fall Down was banned for a multitude of things for the content it contained. A reason it was banned was for its violence and vandalism (Sova 1; Censorship History of We All Fall Down). The one murderer in this story is the Avenger, a mysterious eleven year old who avenges for the sole purpose of justice.His first victim was his own classmate in the fifth grade, Vaughn Masterson. Vaughn was a bully who humiliated the other children as well as cheat off the Avenger’s tests. The Avenger saw no end to his constant teasing and began to observe his target. He followed him home and knew all his activities. The Avenger is all about observation, and after much o f it, he put on his â€Å"thinking cap† to devise his murderous plot. After following Vaughn home and into his backyard where Vaughn was playing, he pulled out his grandfather’s revolver and shot Vaughn’s face to shreds.The avenger felt no guilt or regret even at Vaughn’s funeral, and instead chuckled and smiled to himself. The Avenger also pushed his grandfather off his own balcony, proving to himself that killing could be done without the use of weapons. His grandfather was a retired policeman, and after much interrogation by his grandfather, the Avenger decided the only way to save himself from being found was to kill a second time. His â€Å"thinking cap† went on once again and his plan carried out perfectly. With two murders, the Avenger was nothing but pleased for his eleven year old heart dreaded nothing.Violence such as this occurred and still occurs worldwide, so banning this book means banning the whole world. Violence is something that w ill continue to live on in this world, whether we decide to change it or not. Vandalism also played an important role in this book’s banning, for vandalism is what set the whole plot’s events in motion (Cormier 1). The trashers, Harry Flowers, Marty Sanders, Randy Pierce, and Buddy Walker destroyed the Jerome’s house and all its belongings. All the boys are juveniles who run around to have what they call, â€Å"fun time. † Their next plans for â€Å"fun time† happened to be set on the Jerome’s house.They destroyed China plates, smashed furniture, and even urinated on the walls. Vomit puddles appeared throughout due to their heavy drinking. Nothing was left untouched for the Jeromes to come home to, nothing but misery and paranoia. The trashers left without a second thought, all but Buddy Walker. Even then though, the Avenger saw it all, and began his observations on his new targets. Vandalism may be considered â€Å"art† to some peopl e, but I still believe it’s wrong. That is damage to someone’s property and they shouldn’t have to clean up what wasn’t theirs.Graffiti art and all of it alike are the faces of rundown buildings, and give the impression that that area is not safe. Another reason for this book’s banning was for its occurring sexual content. Attempted rape occurred in the first pages (Sova 1; Censorship History of We All Fall Down). Harry, Marty, and Randy all participated in attempting to rape Karen Jerome, who came home all too early. The boys took turns, all but Buddy, and repeatedly grabbed at her clothes to reveal the skin underneath. Karen eventually broke free but at a terrible price. She took a tumble down her cellar stairs and fell into a coma.The trashers left and Karen lay in a heap on the cold cellar floor. Other explicit content was the heart-warming romance between Jane Jerome and Buddy Walker . As their relationship became more intimate, their sexual l ust grew. Certain parts of the body were caressed and were furthermore deemed inappropriate for even freshmen (Cormier 139). Making out scenes occur throughout the book and the Avenger even peeps as Jane gets undressed. The sexual content is probably what gave this book more flair to its dark plot. Though it gave the book some flair, it gives nothing when it comes to reality.I, for one, can’t stand rape or any type of abusive sexual interaction between male and female. People become traumatized and feel no trust in others anymore. Rape, like violence and vandalism, occurs everywhere and it most impossible to stop against the sick minded who impose it. Lastly, this We All Fall Down was banned for alcohol references and profanity. The characters use foul language and would curse at each other or even secretly to themselves. Profanity was most likely used to express what the characters felt at the time (Marshall Universities Libraries 1).It was used mostly by the teenagers in th eir conversations with other characters to show just how they felt about the situation at hand. Profanity was highly associated with the drinking that occurred. Not only was alcohol used as a type of anti-depressant, but it was done by under-age drinkers (Cormier; throughout book). Buddy Walker, one of the main characters, is a sixteen year old and started to drink heavily after the divorce of his parents. Buddy began to hand out with Harry and his goons and drank to have fun and forget all his worries. He bought his liquor illegally and continued to drink even when in his relationship with Jane.Even when he was happiest when with Jane, Buddy abused alcohol which became his own brand of heroine. Like Buddy, most people do use alcohol as a way to escape and instead they should be using a proper drug prescribed by doctors. I believe that though alcohol may seem like medicine, it is far from it. It weakens slowly in the insides and confuses the brain to think it’s better than an y pharmacy drugs. It’s a hypnotizer and it performs its work best in all ages, even young teenagers like Buddy. Even though We All Fall Down was banned, it has many points which make it worthwhile to read.It has such a suspenseful plot that leaves you wanting more (Sova 1; We All Fall Down). The story begins in such a matter-of-fact tone, detailing the horrors that initially set the events in motion (Sova 1; We All Fall Down). It begins with the trashing of the Jerome’s house, Karen Jerome falling into a coma, and a mysterious person called the Avenger. This leaves the reader questioning what exactly is happening, like, â€Å"Who are these people, and who’s this mysterious Avenger guy? † As the story progresses, the reader is then able to fill in the blanks about the plot and the characters.It is later learned that the Avenger is actually Mickey Looney, the friendly neighborhood man (Cormier, 173). Robert Cormier, the author, led the readers to believe th e Avenger was some unknown criminal, roaming the streets for justice, when in reality he’s just a normal guy looking for justice. The plot contained so many twists and turns that the book could’ve been its own rollercoaster. Suspense isn’t something I typically enjoy, especially in movies, but it served well in We All Fall Down. It literally left me on the edge of my seat and wanting to read more.The suspense ties in so well with the storyline that I couldn’t imagine what it would be without it. To promote the suspenseful plot, are the advanced vocabulary and the good morals and values it teaches (Cormier; throughout book). Cormier’s extensive use of vocabulary creates a unique writing style for young adults; helps to promote their reading levels. His use of complex words teaches readers and enhances the story. Cormier also teaches good morals and values in this tragic story. He displays the importance of communication and how it should be used to express oneself and help lift burdens.It teaches the consequences of lying and brutal actions that affect not only oneself but others as well. The importance of truth is a main theme of this book (Cormier 191). Cormier teaches truth is a virtue that should be cherished. Truth can affect relationships, and even the past, present, and future. Buddy kept the fact that he trashed Jane’s house and his alcohol problem from others close to him, and this in turn led to even more misery. Truth played an important role in the plot and it states just how important it is in the end. The vocabulary really helped me in learning what Cormier was saying while the story progressed.He targets young readers and places challenging vocabulary to give them a read that’s at their level. This was what I really enjoyed about the book because it made it sound sophisticated. We All Fall Down doesn’t just have a suspenseful plot and advanced vocabulary. It explores the responsibilities of peoples towards others as well as the motivation of teenagers to commit brutal acts. When Buddy’s parents divorced (Cormier 46), he goes out with Harry Flowers and his crew to commit wrongdoings and erase his stress. He communicated little with is mom and sister and wanted little to do with his father, though he secretly wished he’d come back.His father still felt responsibility for both his children and still sent a monthly check of twenty-five dollars. Buddy seldom communicated with his family because of the divorce, and all his sadness eventually led him to do heinous crimes to brush his worries away. The Avenger has his fair share in responsibilities. He took up the job of being a hero to the people by committing vengeful acts (Cormier 20, 74). With Vaughn Masterson, he murdered him to stop the other children’s suffering. He murdered his grandfather to prevent from being caught so he’d be able to carry out justice. Truth to be told, it wasn’t e xactly justice.It was what his name implied: revenge. Still, the Avenger continued on to help the people who have had wrongdoings thrust upon them. Despite being eleven years old, he’d avenge anyone, no matter the consequences. Responsibility is such an important trait to have and it really says a lot about a person. It went well with this book since the characters found faults in one another but still managed to see it through and help others to overcome their problems. Responsibility was demonstrated on the trashers and their actions on society. They showed little respect, but little do people know what they hide behind their mask of tricks and schemes.There are numerous reasons for why this book shouldn’t be banned. First of all, it displays the struggles and family ties of the characters as they learn to cope with them. Buddy struggles with his alcoholism from beginning to end, stopping it only briefly for Jane’s sake. Jane deals with her paranoia, fearing t he trashers will come back to destroy their house once more or even hurt another of her loved ones. Artie, Jane’s little brother, and his frequent nighttime terrors about the trashers’ intrusion; woke up in the middle of the night screaming (Cormier; throughout book, 53).As the story develops, Buddy’s relationship with his sister, Addy develops as well (Cormier 81). Addy was just a stuck up, smart aleck to Buddy, but as they both grow through the pain of their parent’s divorce, they form a strong bond. The relationships that show between the trashers’ families and Jane’s differ and demonstrate the importance of close knit ties. After Karen fell into a coma, Jane and her family visited Karen every day at the hospital to see her current condition (Cormier 4). They also talked to her about their lives and how they were doing, in hopes that she’d awaken from the dark abyss she was in.Harry Flowers, after being caught as the leader, was ba iled out by his father who paid for all the damage done without asking Harry questions. Harry achieved high marks in school and told Buddy later that’s why his father trusts him. Buddy’s connections with his family are not close (Cormier 48, 66). Buddy constantly fights with his sister; he barely acknowledges his mother, and he neglects his father, but wishes still that he’d come back to their family. His family life caused him more struggles and is what ultimately led to his drinking. Communication, as well as responsibility, is very important.It showed how words can help one to cope and find help in someone else. Words can help, or hurt. I think frequent conversations with someone else can help someone to not feel lonely, and this was demonstrated well in the book. We All Fall Down takes a turn from its tragic story to a heartfelt romance (Cormier 125). Buddy falls instantly and irrevocably in love with Jane after encountering her at the mall. Jane later fell in love with him twenty minutes afterwards, but she didn’t know it was love until later. This budding romance serves as a relief from the book’s dark plot.Jane later discovers Buddy’s drinking problem when a bottle of liquor fell out of his pocket (Cormier 147). Jane is deeply worried for Buddy’s welfare and argues with him about his well-being. Buddy comes to terms with Jane and she helps him to cope with his parent’s divorce. Jane becomes Buddy’s shoulder to lean on, and this strengthens their relationship. Their romance lifts the tension off the story, in hopes of eradicating the danger to come. Romance captures the hearts of most people, especially girls. For me, I enjoy romance and found the romance between Jane and Buddy and warm touch to the story.It already talks about murder and alcohol, so for it to turn for a little romance helps the book to seem less violent. Babies fall taking their first steps. Soldiers fall on the battlefield. We all fall from mistakes. We All Fall Down proves that lies and heinous acts can ruin. This book was indeed banned for its violence and vandalism, sexual content, and themes of alcohol references and profanity. The book carried a suspenseful plot, advanced vocabulary, and the responsibilities of people towards others and the motives of teenagers’ brutal acts that make it a worthwhile read.It shouldn’t be banned though, because it displays struggles that characters fight through, the importance of family bonds, and romance to pull away from the unpredictable plot. All the reasons this book is banned are all things that are seen in the media and in the public today. Most teenagers and even younger children have already been exposed to these things. We All Fall Down is just another book that matures readers and helps them better understand the cruelties of the world. In the end, it wasn’t a plague, but in fact the lies, untold truths, and secrets that conquered e ach character one at a time.

Retracing your steps

Retracing your steps Retracing your steps Retracing your steps By Hugh Ashton Its probably fair to say that no one enjoys editing and rewriting their own work. The first flush of creation is fun especially with fiction. Characters start to fill out and find their own voices. Neat little phrases that youve been saving up for some time pop out and appear in their appointed places, and the plot moves along nicely towards a satisfactory finish. And then the bubble pops. A friend, whose judgement you trust, reads the manuscript and tells you that the plot detail you really loved is actually impossible. Of course, this tiny little plot detail is the one on which the whole of the rest of the book hinges. So what you must do is rip up the story from that point on and rewrite it. Thats the kind of situation Im in now. At about the start of 2008 I finished the draft of a novel about the financial world in Tokyo. The dà ©nouement (what a nice word that is, especially with the accent!) includes an account of a massive earthquake that rocks Tokyo. What it does not include is any account of the Lehmans debacle and any book dealing with financial matters which has any pretense to realism should definitely include a reference to this event. So, seeing that the (long overdue) earthquake hasnt occurred, but the collapse of the banking world has, I am busy rewriting, and its sometimes a bit painful to be retreading these old paths. How is this different from the first burst of writing? On the one hand I know too much. I know how the storys going to end, and how its going to come about (I tend not to micro-plan stories in advance but I like the ending I have already). So its boring not to create it from scratch. On the other hand, I have a much clearer picture in my head of the characters than I did first time round. Theyre more real to me than they were, and as a result, their dialog, as well as their actions, makes more sense to the reader. Because I am closer to them, I also have an emotional involvement with them something that wasnt really there before and I think this makes a real difference to the writing. One reader of the first draft made the valid criticism that he didnt really feel he cared too much about what happened to the protagonist there wasnt enough there to hold psychological interest, though the story itself was interesting. I am trying to rewrite the last quarter of the book from scratch, rather than re-use previously written material, and this introduces an obvious advantage to the rewriting process the ability to revise and remove awkwardness in style and plot. But to me the major advantage, boring as it may be to actually perform the rewriting, is that I have become better acquainted with my characters, and I can breathe more life into them. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Fiction Writing category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:100 Idioms About Numbers50 Idioms About Arms, Hands, and Fingers30 Nautical Expressions

Internship Report- Zoom Ultra Campaign Essay Example

Internship Report Internship Report- Zoom Ultra Campaign Essay Internship Report- Zoom Ultra Campaign Essay chapter one Introductory part 1. 0Origin of the report This internship report was assigned as a partial requirement for the completion of the BBA Program of City University. I joined Pacific Bangladesh Telecom Ltd as an Executive- Marketing Communication and Branding. It has been a very interesting experience till date, one that has provided an in-depth perspective into the actual workings of an organization. I have been able to provide a novice’s view of their operations and also learn from those who work in Citycell about the every day problems faced and the greater business issues in general. . 1Objective of the Study 1. 1. 1Broad objectives The report concentrates on the â€Å"Campaigning of the ZOOM package offered by Citycell†. I divided the statement into several points so that the task can be completed separately but jointly and with specific analysis and result for the perfection of the project paper. 1. 1. 2Specific Objectives The specific objectives were as f ollows: 1. To demonstrate the different types of campaigns that Citycell undertook to launch the ZOOM package. 2. To find out the cost efficiency of different media advertisements such as electronic, print and air media as well as outdoor campaigning such as Billboards, festoons, banners, danglers, stickers, posters etc. 3. To ascertain customer growth and market situation of Citycell ZOOM. 1. 2SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY ? By doing the study I was able to find out the level of exposure of CityCell ZOOM among the customers. ? Lastly I recommended what Citycell ZOOM should do to make it more preferable to the Customers. 1. 3METHODOLOGY Data Collection Method: Previous published statistics of Citycell, company brochures, website, survey by unstructured questionnaires, Outdoor monitoring of Citycell ZOOM Campaigning. ? Data Analysis Techniques: Graphical presentation, Percentage, Cross tabs. ? Data Presentation Techniques: Tabulation format. ? Format of the Report: Formal. 1. 4LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY ? Availability of proper data and resources. ? Due to confidentiality the data available may not be accurate. ? Last but not the least, this kind of research needs a lot of time than I am given to conduct. So, time was one of the concerns for not having the exact picture of the scenario. chapter Two organization part 2. 0PORTRAIT OF THE ORGANIZATION 1. THE COMPANY Pacific Bangladesh Telecom Limited (PBTL) is the first mobile phone service provider in the Indian Subcontinent, with its inception in 1993. The address of the Head office: â€Å"Pacific Centre†, 14, Mohakhali C/A Dhaka 1212. PBTL was founded by Pacific Group Limited and Hutchison Whampoa Limited. â€Å"Citycell† is the brand name under which PBTL provides wireless telecom or mobile phone service and products to its customers. PBTL is one of the companies of the Pacific Group. The Pacific Group is involved in various businesses including: Pacific Group of Companies (since 1967) Fisheries Banking Automobiles Tea Pharmaceuticals etc PBTL is also the only operator in Bangladesh supporting two mobile technologies – AMPS and CDMA, while providing, in addition, Cellular and fixed wireless services. 2. 1. 1 Pacific Group Limited The Pacific Group is a group of companies under common ownership. The group has interests in automobile service (Pacific Motors Ltd. ), consumer electronics (Pacific Industries Ltd. ), fisheries (Bengal Fisheries Ltd. ), tea (Noyapara Tea Company Ltd. and telecommunications (Pacific Bangladesh Telecom Ltd. ). This group of industries was founded by the renowned industrialist and current honorable foreign minister – Mr. M. Morshed Khan. 2. 1. 2 Hutchison Whampoa Limited Hutchison Whampoa Limited (HWL) is a Hong Kong based diversified, multinational company with origins dating back to the 1800s. As part of the Li Ka-Shin g group of companies, HWLs ultimate shareholder is Cheung Kong (Holdings) Limited, which has a 49. 9 % interest in the Company. In terms of market capitalization, HWL is one of the largest companies listed on the Hong Kong stock exchange. With over 150,000 employees worldwide, the Group operates five core businesses in 41 countries. 2. 2THE COMPANY HISTORY In October 1990, Hutchison Bangladesh Telecom Limited (HBTL) was formed as a joint venture between Bangladesh Telecom Limited (BTL) and Hutchison Whampoa Limited of Hong Kong. In March of that year BTL had been issued a license by Bangladesh Telegraph and Telephone Board (BTTB) for operating cellular, paging and other wireless communication networks. The joint venture agreement with Hutchison gave HBTL the right to use BTL’s cellular license while Hutchison would provide financial support to BTL. However, soon there was legal dispute between BTTB and BTL regarding the BTTB’s refusal to provide Public Switch Telecommunication Network (PSTN) channels, which ensured connectivity to the BTTB network. The Supreme Court then ruled in April 1993 that BTTB would have to provide PSTN connections to HBTL, and that BTL would have to transfer the cellular portion to the license of HBTL. Bangladesh Telegraph and Telephone Board gave HBTL the PSTN connections in August 1993 and HBTL began commercial operation of the first cellular telephone service in Bangladesh in the same month. The owners of HBTL, however, decided to sell their stakes in the company due to the legal war. HBTL’s shares were divided into two parts: Type A, which was held by BTL and Type B, held by Hutchison. Each type of share represented 50% title of HBTL. Pacific Motors Limited bought the type A shares while Hong Kong based financial investors Far East Telecom Limited bought the Type B shares. On 12th February 1996, HBTL was renamed Pacific Bangladesh Telecom Limited (PBTL). PBTL uses the brand name CityCell to market its cellular products. In order to boost the financial and also the managerial strength of PBTL, the shareholders of the company have completed the transaction under the agreements in which Fujitsu Limited, Japan and Asian Infrastructure Development Company (AIDEC), established in Cayman Islands, would acquire 10% and 20% equity shares in PBTL, respectively on June 2000. With this acquisition of 10% shares by Fujitsu Limited, a Global Fortune 500 company, they have further strengthened their presence in Bangladesh and have also demonstrated confidence as well as their commitment to the Bangladeshi market. Fujitsu has long been supplying Microwave links and telecommunications equipment to Bangladesh Telegraph and Telephone Board and is clearly a leading market player in providing telecommunication solutions in Bangladesh. Being 10% equity shareholder of the company Fujitsu is in a position to nominate 1 (one) Director to the Board of PBTL. 2. 3MISSION, VISION, OBJECTIVES, GOALS AND STRATEGIES 2. 3. 1 Mission PBTL’s mission statement is â€Å"To be the most successful cellular, paging and other wireless service provider in Bangladesh by virtue of having greater operating expertise. This mission statement puts into perspective a few points regarding Citycell. Their inherent emphasis is on quality, not cheapness of service. The first priority is to provide a high-end service that can be used for both commercial and personal use. 2. 3. 2 Vision The vision of the company is â€Å"To continue to be the leader in the telecom industry in the region and provide a complete communication solution to our customers with a smile. † It may be noted that there is an emphasis on strong customer relations. This is important to Citycell especially as, until recently, they positioned their packages as high-end packages. This means that they need to promote their packages especially to corporate and business users. Such customers will require strong support for brand loyalty to develop. 2. 3. 3 Objectives The business strategy of Citycell is focused around two objectives: Qualitative Objectives ? Increasing service offerings. ? Expanding the network. ? Creating innovative, unique, and cost-effective various products to customers. ? Increasing loyalty by focused customer retention program. ? Develop operational procedure for the fast deployment of service. Quantifiable objectives Increase subscriber base over 1 million on the network by December 31, 2006 with 99. 8% overall network availability. 2. 3. 4 Goals: The current strategic goal of the company is to occupy a unique position in Bangladesh in the telecom sector. One way to achieve this is to develop a strong subscriber base to be able to penetrate in the markets with other attractive products. The ways to ensure a strong subscriber base is to: Meet customer requirements Establish technological leadership trough choice of appropriate technology Establish service leadership through quality manpower Expand the footprint of cellular coverage Expand the customer base 2. 3. 5STRATEGIES OF CITYCELL Citycell is a service-oriented company as it provides wireless telecom service. Their primary business according to Citycell is to sell wireless telecommunication packages to the customers and provide customers with comprehensive wireless telecommunication solutions. Citycell, since its inception in 1993, has targeted a niche market of the rich businessmen who would need information on the move or use it as a luxury item. It had a â€Å"Blue-Blood† image at that time by following a premium pricing policy. It was the right decision at that time and Citycell made a good bit of revenue by doing so. But with the emergence of GrameenPhone and Aktel, Citycell has had to change its business policy. It could not survive in the long run with the â€Å"Blue- Blood† appeal. It brought down the prices of its mobile packages from what was Tk. 150,000 in 1993 to 15,000 at around the year 2000-01. And today, the lowest price of their package on offer costs around Tk 1699 only. Citycell has had to establish a mass-market strategy as it now targets every segment of the mobile telephony market. Some of these strategies are depicted below: 2. 3. 6 Functional Level Strategy PBTL’s focus is on efficiency, quality, innovation, and customer responsiveness. Citycell’s functional level strategy deeply concentrates on being customer responsive. It wants to grow its business by providing superior customer service to the customers. And for that, as already stated, Citycell has a 99 member customer service team working for them 24 hours a day, on the Helpline or the front desk 7 days a week. Not only that, but Citycell has just recently introduced a slogan saying, â€Å"Because We Care†. The strategy suits the company since care is what they strive to provide, especially in the face of competition such as GrameenPhone , AkTel and Banglalink. 2. 3. 7 Business Level Strategy The business level strategy of Citycell is that of differentiation. As Citycell targets everybody from small businessmen of a small town to the big corporate of the urban area, it has packages for everyone. There are the prepaid mobiles for the cost conscious people and those with monthly rents of Tk. 500. It has prepaid mobile-to mobile packages and 24 hours BTTB connectable prepaid packages. The packages offered will be classified in depth in the marketing mix part of this section. PBTL applies both cost leadership and differentiation strategies as their business level strategies. Citycell wants to increase market share by expanding the network by ensuring the lowest call rate within the industry. 2. 3. 8 Corporate Level Strategy PBTL follows related diversification as their corporate level strategies. The management of PBTL is already involved in diversified businesses of automobiles, banking, tea gardens etc. But PBTL itself has no plans of any sort of backward integration, which would be creating technologies like CDMA or forward integration to make mobile sets themselves. 2. 3. 9 Global strategy Citycell does not have any Global strategies as it is still in a growth stage within Bangladesh. But just to keep within reach, some of the mobiles do have ISD connectio10ns. 2. 4WORKFORCE Citycell has currently 540 permanent employees under direct payroll. There are 146 part timers working currently. The Customer Care Division is the biggest department in Citycell at the moment with 112 employees. . 5ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE Citycell has just recently introduced the post of the CEO and established the Human Resource Department (HRD). The name of the new CEO is Mr. Chai Hoon Pin, a Chinese executive with vast international experience in the telecom business. The CEO has taken over the activities that the former MD, the son of the owner of Pacific Group of Industries, Mr. Faisal Morshed Khan, use d to perform. The Vice President (VP) of the Human Resource Department (HRD) joined in March of this year. The activities of the HRD have been defined. No Assistant Vice President (AVP) has yet been hired for this department. The marketing and sales department makes up the office of the Chief Marketing Officer (CMO), who is also the VP of the department. The office of the CMO decides down into four sub departments with an AVP in charge of each. A senior VP is in charge of the whole engineering department while three other VPs are assigned for Switch, Base Transceiver Station and Planning Development. There are AVPs for each section of the engineering department except Power, which is directly under the charge of Senior VP. It has to be mentioned that there are two other posts after the AVP: senior executives and executives who have managerial authority. There are also advisors assigned for various departments who are not direct employees but have directorial level status above the VPs and below the CEO. There are currently two advisors working in the Engineering and Marketing Sales department. Further levels of employees exist under the executives, officers and senior officers. To facilitate the overall process the ranks of drivers and peons also exist. The Charts below represents the organgram of the company: Figure 2. 0: Citycell Organogram [pic] Source: Citycell Information Desk. 2. 5. 1 Sales Marketing As the name implies, this division’s job is to conduct marketing promotion for Citycell. The job of its employees is to maintain a good distribution channel relationship, media, and corporate clients. This division also deals with value added services, brand and product design. In the Sales Division there are Channel Sales, Corporate Sales and Direct Sales. In the Marketing Division, there are Market Communications, Brand, VAS, Product Development and FWT Backbone Departments. The Senior Vice President is the Chief Marketing Officer of this Sales Marketing Division. 2. 5. 2 Customer Service Operation, Billing and IT: This department deals with customer after the sale occurs. Main activities of this department includes maintaining a database of the customers, preparing, distributing, and collecting the bills, activating new connections, deactivating connections, helpline service, interchanging of the CDMA sets, collecting the faulty and repairable sets, returning repaired sets, changing CDMA sets and so on. This department is divided into two divisions: 1. Billing IT and 2. Service Delivery Figure 2. 1: Service delivery [pic] [pic] Source: Citycell Information Desk. 2. 5. 3 Finance and Commercial This department is divided into two divisions, a) LC preparation and Purchase, and b) Fund Management. Here LC is opened for purchasing of sets and equipment, and all the funds collected are used and controlled for the maximum benefit of the company. This department is also responsible for the budgeting which takes place once a year for the next three years. Figure 2. 2: Finance and Commercial [pic] Source: Citycell Information Desk. 2. 5. Engineering This department is responsible for the setting up and maintenance of the heavy equipment and the major telecom channels required for providing services to customers. This department is divided into 7 divisions. They are Switch, Central Base station, Microwave; Radio Frequency, Base Transceiver Station, Power, Planning and Development. Figure 2. 3: Engineering [pic] Source: Citycell Information D esk. 2. 5. 5 Accounts This department is responsible for collecting direct cash or check or charging credit cards from the customers who are paying for the service and equipment. This department is also responsible for maintaining the balance of store where sets and equipments are gathered for future purpose and present operation. Figure 2. 4: Accounts [pic] Source: Citycell Information Desk. 2. 5. 6 Administration and Human Resource As the name implies, this department has three major divisions. The Administration division is responsible for Contract, Legal and Protocol Government affairs. The Purchase General Maintenances is responsible for Purchase Support and Estate Properties, Maintenance general security. The Human Resource department is responsible for procuring future employees according. This department is also responsible for maintaining the database of all employees, leaves, attendance, health care and related fields of employees. Figure 2. 5: Administration and HR [pic] Source: Citycell Information Desk. 2. 6MARKETING MIX OF CITYCELL CityCell now follows the mass-market strategy. It has long passed the days when it used to be the monopolistic cellular phone company selling its connections with sets at Taka150, 000. Now it wants to serve all segments of mobile users from low end users to corporate all over Bangladesh. The Marketing Mix or the 4Ps that Citycell follows are discussed below. . 6. 1 Product Citycell’s products are the packages it offers. They offer both postpaid and prepaid packages for consumers since they wish to serve everyone. 2. 6. 2 Post Paid Packages The postpaid packages of Citycell are: Jono Phone CityCell 500 Shabar Phone Aamar Phone Citycell Premium 2. 6. 3 Prepaid Packages The prepaid packages are made for the cost conscious buy ers who may be a student or even a businessperson. The user has total control on his mobile usage, because he knows how much money he is spending on making a call. The hassle of going to the bank to pay the bill is also easily avoided. But of course the rate is a bit higher than postpaid mobile call charges. It is currently the most effective tool for Citycell and other companies for growth in respect of gaining customers throughout the whole of Bangladesh. Citycell released its prepaid first in 2002, with the uniqueness of having TNT incoming facility. The pre-paid package of Citycell is called â€Å"Aalap†. The prepaid packages are: Hello 0123 Mega Phone Aalap Super Plus Aalap Classic Aalap Super Aalap A Aalap B Aalap Call Me (with call2cash feature) 2. 6. 4 Set Classification Citycell classifies its subscribers’ sets in two ways depending on where they buy it. The sets, which are brought by Citycell are called the â€Å"White Sets† and those which are not, are called â€Å"Grey Sets†. 2. 6. 5 Price Citycell’s policy when it comes to pricing is to keep the lowest call rate possible per minute for the zonal calls. This is visible in their call rate policy compared to that of others. When a customer brings his own set which is called â€Å"Grey Set†, he has to present a bank clearance to make sure that he/she has paid tax on the purchased set. The customer must also pay an additional charge of Tk. 575 (including 15% VAT) to get the set programmed. This is for an existing number in a â€Å"Grey Set†. A new connection for a â€Å"Grey Set† requires the tax papers and an additional charge Tk. 1675 either for a new prepaid or postpaid line. The customer has to pay a refundable fixed deposit for the postpaid packages. For any sort of connection the lowest price that CityCell has on offer at the moment for a set and connection is Tk. 1,699 and the highest is Tk. 8,999. The customer always has to pay 15% VAT for his/her bills (both pre-paid and postpaid) according to government regulations. The set price of CityCell includes the 15% VAT. 2. 6. 6 Place The main emphasis of Citycell when deciding on place is convenience and roximity to customers. Dealers are not treated as the subordinate branches of the company. Instead, they are taken as partners in the endeavor to provide better services to customers. The primary marketing channel used is that of distributors who are at various locations. It is only natural, from a business point of view, that the density of dealers be highest in Dhaka. In other regions of the country, there are dealers in each main town of the various provinces where Citycell network exists. Network coverage has been increasing and so are the numbers of dealers. Logistics and transportation is handled primarily by the dealers. A certain amount of logistic support is provided to dealers for better supporting their activities for Citycell. 2. 6. 7 Promotion The company that had once relied on its name to gain new market share now has to aggressively market their brand and packages among the Bangladeshi customers. The main advertising is done in newspapers. The advertisements have a general look targeted towards everybody. Citycell ads in the past used to emphasize on building a solid aristocratic image of the postpaid packages and a ‘light and happy’ image of the prepaid packages. But at the moment there is no differentiation in the ads because Citycell does not have any use of ‘aristocracy’ any more. It targets the general population. The ‘light and happy’ image is visible, however, on the advertisements in television and sometimes on newspapers. Overhead plastic billboard ads of Citycell are visible on every major and important roads of Dhaka. The slogan of these ads is the current theme of Citycell â€Å"More Than You Thought possible†. Personal selling is done not just for phones but also for new data transfer services to corporate customers. This is done by the services marketing department under CSO and also by Corporate Sales department under Marketing and Sales. The marketing department carries out public relations. It emphasizes on PBTL’s contribution to the development of the telecom industry in Bangladesh and the introduction of advanced CDMA technology. As part of their promotional activity the marketing department gives out banners, poster and calendars to its dealers. They dealers are also given a monthly allowance of around Tk. 2,500 for supporting Citycell activities. Notebooks and calendars are given out to corporate clients every year. For supporting sales activities Citycell had offered a free camera with every prepaid package brought. Then recently they offered â€Å"lucky† scratch cards for all its packages. Prepaid customers could get free airtime ranging from Tk. 400 to Tk. 4800. Postpaid customers could get free rental ranging from a month to a year. Now CityCell is offering 15% discount on purchase of a single Citycell package and 50% on two. Citycell has probably carried out the most aggressive sales campaign recently than any of the other companies. 2. 7SWOT ANALYSIS OF CITYCELL SWOT stands for Strength, Weakness, Opportunity, and Threat. This is a very important tool for a company to analyze its internal and external environment. 2. 7. 1 Strengths Capital: Citycell has a huge amount of capital. As mentioned before, the Pacific Group, which is a well-established local organization of $1000 million, owned 90% shares of PBTL, and it was never required to borrow from banks or investors. Competitive tariff structure: Price is a huge competitive advantage for Citycell. Citycell is the only organization selling CDMA mobile phones with both way T facilities at the lowest rate. For example, the lowest package rate of CityCell is Tk 4,999/= with T incoming and outgoing facilities (‘Alaap Call Me’, pre-paid). With T facilities the other competitors are nowhere near Citycell. This package has a fantastic and a very innovative feature, Call2Cash, in which any subscriber of this package can ‘earn’ or collect Tk 0. 25 per minute in his/her pre-paid account upon receiving a call from any Citycell mobile. No ‘Busy Network’: Because of an enormous number of channels, access to Citycell mobile phones is very easy. The rate of call drops is very low. It possesses high quality voice and data transmissions. Advanced technology: CDMA technology is the best technology for telecommunication. World class mobile operators and world class mobile phone manufacturers are advancing to this new technology. Citycell is one of the few mobile service providers which are using CDMA technology. The current CDMA 1X platform paves the way for easier migration to 3G technology. Low Cost: Citycell follows low cost strategies that enable a greater profit margin for shareholders. It tries to cut cost in every possible way to maximize the strengths for future battle. Centralization: PBTL is a centralized organization that helps in easier coordination of business activities. Dedicated professional management team: Dedicated core staff, willing to provide significant labor hours to accomplish targets. 2. 7. 2 Weaknesses Fewer staff: The number of staffs working for Citycell is not enough. Far fewer staff than actually required in terms of tasks to be completed. New technology: CDMA is the latest technology but it is not widely used. A still more popular option is GSM. It is more difficult for Citycell to provide international roaming because of few number of CDMA operators around the globe. Low network coverage: Though Citycell started to provide mobile telecommunication ten years back, it is still behind the other operators from the point of nationwide coverage. GrameenPhone was able to use the optical fiber network of Bangladesh Railway through strong lobbying with the past government for the next twenty five years. Therefore GrameenPhone’s expansion has been huge, whereas Citycell has covered roughly 58 districts all over the country with a poor infrastructure. Lack of education: The subscribers are not educated enough to handle sophisticated CDMA mobile handsets effectively. Proper knowledge is essential to handle these mobile sets. 2. 7. 3 Opportunities Advanced technology: Since CDMA technology is the latest in the wireless telecommunication industry and most effective one; it is likely to find even newer potential in the near future. Secured data transfer: Secured data transfer means Citycell has the potential to be the leading player once more. Leadership in telecommunication services: Bangladesh government has already started to provide license to private sectors to set up land phones. PBTL is the only mobile phone operator with nationwide mobile fixed license. With full nationwide coverage and a huge capital investment from Singtel, it is possible to become the market leader. Overseas expansion plan: The growing need for across border telecom services at lesser cost (e. g. with neighboring India, Burma, then onto Thailand, etc) can be an opportunity for Citycell. Acquisition of Singtel: The acquisition of 45% equity stake of Citycell brings more opportunity. The company now has greater capital and more budget to invest on its network facilities. In fact, of the $118 million investment of Singtel in Pacific Bangladesh Telecom Limited, $90 million would be spent on network expansion plans 3. . 7. 4 Threats: Technology factor: There is a high degree of acceptance of GSM technology over CDMA in local market. Legal problems: Tough legislation against easy expansion into regional and international markets bypassing the state owned BTTB. Newly imposed tax: In the fiscal budget proposed last year, the government imposed a Tk. 1,200 tax on eac h and every SIM/RUIM card which would hurt the regional expansion plans, increase customer base in the lower segment and the profit motive for every operator including Citycell. New competitors: If new, international competitors like ‘Airtel’ of India enter the local market with full coverage and low price, and then not only Citycell, but also other mobile operators would be in great trouble. Orascom (Banglalink) is already giving Citycell a run for its money and market share. Global companies: In India, global companies like ‘AT of the United States and in Eastern Asia ‘Vodaphone’ of the United Kingdom is working well. They might wish to enter Bangladesh with higher capital. If so, it will be a huge threat for Citycell. BTTB mobile phone: BTTB has already entered the mobile telecommunications industry (Tele-talk). It might carry unfair government advantages and cause severe problems to all other mobile phone operators. 2. 8CURRENT STATE OF CITYCELLà ¢â‚¬â„¢s OPPORTUNITIES Citycell packages are focused to follow the company’s differentiation strategy. There are a number of market segments into which Citycell’s potential and current 4 Product development is dynamic process. The above USPs may change over a relatively shorter period. Customer base can be divided. PBTL always strives to make each Citycell package released be unique and noticed above that of the competition. They also try to attain distinctness in their sales and marketing strategy to make them seem like a unique, ‘blue-blooded’ mobile phone company. In order to do this, they have made a number of strategic choices, which, while setting them as being different from other companies; acts also as a handicap in certain areas. The primary strategic choice that has affected PBTL is their choice of technology. Although CDMA technology is far in advance from other technologies, it has yet to gain a significant acceptability in Bangladesh. Therefore, there is a serious shortage of CDMA sets. Worse, many sets are simply lying around due to lack of spare-parts. Customers have to pay line rent for faulty or dead sets. Many customers are disconnecting their Citycell lines and buying cheaper packages from other companies. The detrimental effect this has had on operations is that PBTL is finding increasingly less room to maneuver and introduce new features in their service, which will help them combat competition. This also means that they have to fight for survival rather than for dominance. Inherently, PBTL’s strategies appear to be more reactive than proactive. A very important aspect of current operations is the severe effect that centralization of organization has on operations. The regional offices are responsible for handling phones only in that zone. There is a severe lack of coordination between the various regional offices, which has a detrimental effect on customer satisfaction. Worse, the entries for each zone are done all on one floor at the head office. Since the majority of customers are buying their sets directly from PBTL, they are also dependent on PBTL for repairs and spare part requirements. Thus the current staffs who work at repairs and servicing are severely overworked. This affects morale and employee satisfaction, reducing the efficiency of set-servicing process and thus resulting dissatisfied customers. PBTL is a company with immense potential, but it remains to be seen whether management can fully harness this potential. The potential is present in all the factors of operations: 1. The technology is very advanced and has immense potential 2. The labor factor is strong with some very capable staff 3. PBTL has sufficient capital to undertake infrastructure investments 4. There is still a significant portion of goodwill towards the company from its stakeholders. 9. NETWORK COVERAGE OF CITYCELL Figure 2. 6: Network coverage of CityCell [pic] Source: Citycell Information Desk. 2. 10FUTURE DIRECTION OF CITYCELL The Company appears to be moving towards a more customer oriented approach in its overall customer policy. Gone are the days when PBTL could dictate terms to its clients. These days PBTL has to spend an increasing amount of time covering its shortfalls and persuading customers to stay with them. This is especially worrying after what is perceived to be by many industry insiders, a concerted effort by GrameenPhone to make headway into the corporate market – a domain that was once almost exclusively under PBTL. What the company is really looking for is a way by which it can seriously bounce back into dominant position. The primary reason for choosing CDMA is that they hope to be able to introduce next generation (2G) mobile phone features such as voice conferencing, Internet, sending visual data, etc into their services. It remains to be seen how successful they will be in harnessing the full power of CDMA technology. There is also a proposal to decentralize their organization in order to be able to better serve their customers in the far-reaching regions of the country. This means that many major functions will be spread out throughout the country, divided according to customer regions. It is yet to be seen how much decentralization may occur, but it is a major issue under consideration. If the network expansion into North Bengal and then into Khulna region occurs soon, there is a real potential, by virtue of superior technology, to gain a significant competitive edge over GSM rivals. There is also the sale of data link to corporate clients. This will gather significant revenue for the company as well as solidify its position with its corporate clients as their primary information transfer and telecom provider. The incongruities between the various tariff plans of the various packages are to be removed to make it much easier for customers to budget usage and also to increase the value for money of each package. There are no mergers or acquisitions in the future, but it is believed that Fujitsu may increase its holdings in PBTL and gain greater management control. If this happens, then the entire picture may change. 2. 11FUNCTIONS OF DIFFERENT DEPARTMENTS 2. 11. 1SALES MARKETING DIVISION The major marketing goal of the Sales Marketing Division is to capture a significant market segment that will yield maximum revenue by means of passing on directly or indirectly, a high end cellular phone service. Many clients provide telecom services to their locality by Tellular or Fixed Wireless Telephone (FWT). The rates of this package may be low but this is offset by the high frequency of usage and the strong support claimed to be provided by CityCell. Figure 2. 7: Sales Marketing Division Organogram [pic] Source: Information desk, Sales and Marketing Division The office of the Senior Vice President (SVP) of Sales and Marketing Division is responsible for coordination of marketing activities across the company and to provide top level management with an overall picture of the market situation. The Vice President (VP) of the division oversees the product and business development scenario of the company. He is responsible to the SVP of the division. 2. 11. 2DEPARMENTS OF S DIVISION Sales and Marketing Division has seven main departments headed by seven managers. 2. 11. 2. 1 Product Development This department is responsible for find out the innovative features that can attract the existing and potential customers. Product development is one of the key departments in the company. While developing new packages and talk plans, this department has to keep in mind the profit and cost issue. Under all these constraints the department has been producing exciting and new features to attract customers. 2. 11. 2. 2 Product ( Tariff design) This sub-department is under the Product Development department and is responsible for package design and fixing tariff rates, which are the rates of usage for each package. This department is also responsible for the coordination of market research for the whole company. They will integrate knowledge gleaned from extensive market research into the design of new packages that fulfills customer needs. This is done very frequently as the needs of even the most stable of customer segments change and the company has to change the tariff structure of its offered packages accordingly. . 11. 2. 3 Value Added Service (VAS) This is another department which also deals with product development, but is concerned only with the Value Added Services that the company offers. Value Added Services are those other than basic voice calls. CityCell’s VAS department is one of the leading VAS providers in the country in terms of the number of wide range services that it is providing. Short Messages Service (SMS) Voice Mail Service Call Conferencing SMS Based Information Services Fun (Jokes, quotations, etc. ) Financial Services Emergency Services Sports SMS Banking others 2. 11. 2. 4 Branding The brand department of the company deals with image of the brand in the minds of the customers. It basically helps the brand portray its intended image to the potential target group. This department, along with the Marketing Communication department, deals with the promotional activities. 2. 11. 2. 5 Corporate Sales There is a separate office of assistant vice-president for corporate sales who is also responsible for corporate customer relations. Corporate customers are given high priority in terms of sales and also in terms of after sales services. Of course, this is due to the high usage and need for good long term goodwill with such corporate clients. This department deals mainly with sales to corporate customers and maintenance of relations with both current clients as well as scouting out potential new corporate clients, whereas the after sales service and other issues are dealt with by the customer services operations section of the company. 2. 11. 2. 6 Channel Sales The assistant vice president responsible for channel management has the very important job of setting up marketing channels by which packages are distributed among clients and by which feedback is obtained from customers. This department is responsible for the selection of new dealers and motivating them and current dealers to promote CityCell packages to customers in their respective areas. This department is also responsible for overseeing that there is an excellent support network for each dealer and that they are satisfied with their monetary or otherwise remuneration. This department is also responsible for checking that each dealer does not cut into the sales of another dealer in a very proximal region. 2. 11. 2. 7 Marketing Communications The chief responsibility of this department is logically, promotion and communication of new products and product ideas to customers, both directly through selection of advertising media, then dissemination of information by means of advertisements; and indirectly through dealers by providing them with promotional material. This department is also responsible for public relations which do not include corporate relations. This is handled, as we have seen, by other departments. The responsibility of this department is immensely important especially in the introduction stage of a package for customers. They also provide help for other departments such as the front office and services marketing in order to promote CityCell packages to both current and new customers. This helps very much in handling cases of dissatisfied customers and also in case of adjusting customers with old packages who have to be persuaded to upgrade their packages to the new ones on offer. The company sub-contracts its promotional materials production to local companies. A regular number of events are held to integrate promotional activities with public relation exercises to enhance the image of CityCell and promote the packages on offer. 2. 11. 2. 8 FWT and Backbone This particular department looks after the Fixed Wireless Terminal (FWT) clients and the packages. FWT has been one of the most profitable sectors for the company. As a result this department has a great significance to the company. PBTL has undertaken a commercial program to expand its business activities to selling backbone for data transfer to corporate clients. This network stretches from Chittagong to Sylhet through Dhaka. It has immense potential and may generate significant revenues for the company. The overall structure of the Sales Marketing Department and its sections of CityCell has both advantages and disadvantages in terms of organizational structural and respective functionality. 2. 11. 2. 9 Trade Marketing The vision of this department is â€Å"To ensure the Brand presence and the loyalty in all Point of Sales throughout Bangladesh where mobile phone subscriptions are sold. † The activities of TM include- Need assessment of POS Materials: The need for merchandising will be assessed by mainly Trade Marketing. During many occasions like Eid, Bengali New Year and English New Year, different merchandising items like posters, danglers, festoons will be printed After having proper direction from Trade Marketing, the Creative unit of Market Communication will select the appropriate design for the merchandising items Developing POS Material Portfolio: The portfolio of POS materials will be developed by Trade Marketing as to what items and what quantity should be distributed to different POS. The categorization will be done as per the monthly standing of any particular POS according to the POS pyramid. Trade Marketing will have to interact with the Business Support unit and line Managers of Distribution periodically Allocation of different types of POS Materials for different category of POS POS Material distribution POS Material replacement Implementing and ensuring the brand presence in and outside of the POS i. e. shelf share, background walls, shop signs CHAPTER THREE PROJECT PART 3. 0About Citycell Zoom It is the brand name of Citycell’s Data Service. It is the unparalleled Data Service solution that functions as a wireless internet connection as well as a mobile phone for the customer. It is offered as a bundled service of Data, SMS, and Voice. It is a very important package for the positive growth of Citycell’s service image. Commercial Launch on July 19, 2007. CDMA 2000 1X Platform. Minimum speed of 38 kbps (4. 75 KBPS) and maximum speed of 153. 6 kbps (19. 2 KBPS). Average speed 72~80 kbps (9~10 KBPS). Convenience with good speed anywhere within Citycell’s countrywide coverage. Full Mobility –move around the country staying connected to Citycell’s data service. Maximum convenience with Cash Card recharge for Bill Payment, Online Self Care, email billing etc. Flexible price plans. Figure 3. 0: Zoom subscriber Acquisition in 2007 Closing sub-base till date is 9495 (100% postpaid subscriber) Acquisition stabilized because of the high start up cost of the devices due to high Duty structure In the above figure we can see that after the successful launch of Citycell Zoom it created a huge impact on the minds of the potential customers and the customer base during its launch was 2000. It slowly increased its customer base with time reaching about 10000 customer bases within six months. This increase in the customer base was possible because of a winning campaign strategy to make the customers aware of the product. Table 3. 0: Types of campaigns to launch Zoom Package Item |Quantity |Size/ Remarks | |Poster |124,000 |15 X 20 | |Leaflet |850,000 |4 X 8, 1 fold | |Dummy Pack |2,200 |as per discussion | |Bunting |900 |as per creative | |Festoon |470 |2 X 4 | |Indicator |210 |Lit | | |60 |Reflective Non-lit | |Table Top |600 |as per sample | |X Stand |120 |as per sample | |X- Stand Flex |120 |5 X 2 | |Kiosk Setup |30 |As per Kothar Ghonoghota | |Dealer Insert/Trade Letter |1,000 |   | |T- Shirt |1100 |Polo T-shirt | | |410 |Round Neck | |Lenticular |260 |1. 5 X 1, as per di scussion | In the above table we can see the different types of POSM materials used for the Zoom launching campaign. Table 3. 1: Outlet Details |Zone |Outlet |Franchisee |Retailer |Total | |Dhaka (Raihan) |50 |25 |100 |175 | Dhaka (Reaz) |40 |0 |0 |40 | |Chittagong |30 |5 |50 |85 | |Khulna |12 |8 |10 |30 | |Barisal |5 |1 |5 |11 | |Sylhet |30 |0 |0 |30 | |Rajshahi |10 |13 |10 |33 | |Total |177 |52 |175 |404 | The above table shows the distribution channel of the trade marketing department of Citycell in different districts of Bangladesh. The support of nationwide retailers, outlets and franchisee made it possible for the successful campaigning of Citycell Zoom. Table 3. 2: Distribute Plan |Districts | |Sl. No |Zone |Date |Venue |Number of |Perhead |Total | | | | | |participant|food cost |Food Cost | | | | | |s | | | |Dhaka |307 |30 |337 | |Chittagong |85 |15 |100 | |Khulna |46 |9 |55 | |Sylhet |48 |7 |55 | |Rajshahi |33 |12 |45 | |Total |519 |73 |592 | |Note: Channel partner includes, two guests from each distribution house, retailer, | |outlet franchise. | The table above shows the division wise training schedule and cost incurred during the training provided to different Customer care officer of the Customer care division of Citycell. The training was provided to ensure proper advertisement of the Zoom product and device specifications in order to make the campaigning successful. Figure: 3. 1: Activity wise Standard operational expense of CityCell Zoom (Jan – Aug’08): The pie chart is the Standard operational expense chart of Zoom campaign. The different media used for the successful campaign of Zoom and the percentage of total operational expense in different media is shown in the chart. Figure 3. 2: Zoom SOE on TV (Jan-Aug ’08): [pic] **All figures are counted in Lacs. The table above shows the SOE on TV of Citycell as compared to other telecommunication in the country. The table shows the SOE on TV of different telecommunication company from January 2008 to August 2008 in which GP head the list and Citycell follows. The reason behind it was the new launching of Citycell Zoom and Citycell has been able to catch up with GP with time. Figure: 3. 3: Zoom SOE on Press (Jan-Aug’08) [pic] **All figures are counted in Lacs. The table above shows the SOE on print such as newspapers, magazines, posters, billboards etc of Citycell as compared to other telecommunication in the country. The table shows the SOE on print of different telecommunication company from January 2008 to August 2008 in which GP head the list and Banglalink follows. The reason behind it was the new launching of Citycell Zoom and Citycell has been able to catch up with GP with time. Table: 3. 5: Reach of Media |Urban |Rural |National | |Radio 30% 40% 32% |30% |40% |32% | |TV |85% |52% |65% | |Press |46% |20% |30% | |Cinema |10% |14% |11% | 3. 2Rationale of Bulk Buying Ensure higher discount than ad-hoc spots buying Maintain prime/high TRP based spots on TV, otherwise unavailable Ensure short-notice launch of product/VAS campaig n on TV, press radio Flexibly allocate commercial time as per campaign need Be in pace with the competitors Maximize exposure at optimal cost Ensure constant presence on TV, Press Radio channels ensure top of mind awareness 3. 4Selection criteria of TV Press Media buying has done based on following criteria: Electronic media TRP(Target rating point) data Channel viewership data Competitors SOE from MRC Mode Efficiency of spots during programs Lower CPRP(Cost per rating point) Press media Segment wise print media habit. Higher circulation. Lower CPT (Cost per thousand). Readership profile. To determine the reach of different media to the target audience and maximizing the exposure of the target group, we also consider following report: NMS (National Media Survey) report (source: Sirius). Monthly Monitoring report on TV and Press (source: MRC Mode). TV ratings report through People meter (source: Sirrius). 3. 5Outdoor and Events 3. 5. 1Billboards Strategic Location Branding 233 Outdoor sites across the country. Strategic locations branding ZIA Int’l Airport. Chittagong Int’l Airport. Kurmitola Golf Club. LED in Agrabad, Chittagong. Cox’sbazar Sea Beach Watch Tower. Jamuna Bridge. Mohakhali Flyover. Khilgaon Flyover. Comilla Cantonment. 3. 5. 2Trade Marketing Support Lit Non Lit Shop Signs. Shop Shutters. Wall paint in Dhaka and Rajshahi. POP items rotating mobile holder, shelf-in-shelf, 3 station leaflet stand, shelf strip sticker, wobblers, life size see through sticker and one way vision sticker. PCO mobile identifier, umbrella, notebooks, festoon, caps and bags etc. Regular POSM posters, leaflets, buntings, danglers, stickers, X-stands, festoons, sunshades, PP board identifier, manuals etc. 3. 5. 3Events Sponsorship Corporate Bazaar 2008. BASIS SOFT EXPO 2008. CITF 2008. SITF 2008. Indo Bangla Bangladesh Games. 3rd CCMA. 4th CCMA (initiated). 3. 5. 4PR Events Potato Campaign. Esho Bangladesh Gori. Madaripur Video Conference with JBFH. World Breastfeeding Day JBFH. JBFH Tele-Video Health Service Launch. 3. 5. 5Non-conventional media Campaign specific branded T-shirt for rickshaw-pullers (nationwide). T-shirts distributed at rickshaws depots across the country, and pullers will be made to wear clutter breaking yellow t-shirt. Build on nationwide branding with the color yellow. Passengers that day will be exposed to the product message throughout the ride. T-shirt will ensure repeat visibility every time the puller wears it. 3. 5. 6MIT Direct Sales Support 10 Microbus Branding. Leaflets, posters, stickers, pocket calendars, t-shirts, festoons etc. Logistics support for Sylhet International Trade Fair and Chittagong International Trade Fair. Various discount coupons, booklets, leaflets, hand fan etc. 3. 5. 7Outdoor Visibility Management CityCell Zoom has a total of 57 Outdoor Sites with a net yearly investment of BDT. 3,24,70,800/= Figure: 3. 4: Division-Wise Pay ment Structure 3. 5. 8 Some facts and figures of the Billboard rate of Citycell Zoom Country wide per sft rate745. 82 Dhaka per sft rate1118. 19 Chittagong per sft rate553. 17 Rajshahi per sft rate 437. 50 Khulna per sft rate257. 31 Sylhet per sft rate553. 00 Table: 3. 6: Media wise per sft calculation |Billboard Front Lit Per SFT Rate |454. 91 | |Billboard Non Illuminated Per SFT Rate |544. 3056 | |Steel Board Per SFT Rate |8508. 333 | |Tri-vision Per SFT Rate |855. 0926 | CHAPTER FOUR Findings, Recommendations, and Conclusion 4. 0 Summary of Findings From the survey and collected data, I have found out that in order to achieve a successful campaigning Citycell follows many steps. First, it selects the different media through which the product will reach the target customers. Then after selecting the media they find out the cost related to each media and based on the cost and the effectiveness of the media which fulfills Citycell’s criteria, they select the media through which the product which reach the target customer. Also they have to keep in mind that other telecommunications are also launching the same product to the same target customers. So in order to make their product attractive to the customers, they have to have better offers so that they can give the best offers to the customers and that reflects the effectiveness of the campaigning of Citycell. In terms of Electronic media, Citycell buys bulk airtime in different TV Channels/Radio. This reduces the cost as well as Citycell can also make the product reach the customers at the prime time when the maximum viewers are watching the TV channels and listening to the Radio. In terms of print media, Citycell has some enlisted well known vendor companies which gives Citycell the best support for posters, leaflets, banners, danglers etc. Incase of news papers, Citycell Buys bulk column-inch space in top news papers for the whole year at discounted price. They also select the different pages on which the advertisements will be printed and this creates awareness for Citycell ZOOM in the minds of the target customers. In case of Billboards, posters, leaflets, banners, danglers etc, Citycell has MOU signed with different vendors which prints the danglers, posters, leaflets etc at discounted price throughout the year. So, by all these ways Citycell conducts a successful campaign and reaches its product to the target customers at their projected cost. In this way the product also reaches the customers and also the predicted cost of the company can also be retained. 4. 1 Recommendations After Analyzing the report that I have prepared the following can be recommended: A proposal for fair containing the details of the support that will be provided by CityCell should be distributed to Channel Sales members. Concerned Channel Sales members should communicate with assigned Distributors the Market Committees and get written authorizations of the proposal. Written submission of fair venue finalized schedule to TM minimum of 10 days before the event (no late approvals or fair extensions will be entertained). Based on the total number of venues and schedule TM will calculate the POSM requirement and prepare a budget. Distribution of POSM should do internally through Courier. Distributors will be responsible for visibility of POSM and venue branding. The SOE of Citycell is low compared to Grameen Phone. So Citycell should can effecti vely measures to increase the Standard operational expense of Citycell. Citycell should increase the PR events and sponsorship in order to increase its customer base of ZOOM. The POSM Materials distributed to certain cities are very low compared to other cities, which mean lower promotion of Citycell in those cities. So the distribution of POSM materials should be increased in those cities. Citycell should increase the number of strategic locations for campaigning the Citycell ZOOM. 4. 2 Conclusion With this survey I was able to find out that the launching of ZOOM has created a big impact on the minds of the customers firstly in terms of quality of the product and secondly in terms of the launch that it got. It is very much apparent from the report that Citycell has made huge investment and brought up innovative strategies in order to market or campaign the Zoom product. Citycell has launched Zoom with a plan to make it reach the people from different part of Bangladesh in the proper way. For this reason it has also spent of training employees so that they can make people understand the features and specifications of ZOOM and make people aware of the digital Bangladesh that people are hoping to see. From the analysis of the survey results, it is clear that ZOOM subscribers are satisfied about different services of the company. Moreover, the analysis indicated that the subscribers are quite loyal to the product. Some of the respondents have clearly pointed that if Citycell can work on some of its weaknesses, they will have no competitors for the product ZOOM. I firmly believe that if Citycell follows my recommendations, it will be able to achieve a sustainable distinctive competitive advantage and to run smoothly with loyal subscribers market leadership. pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic] Expenditure Events Sponsor, 3% Special Events, 1% Production (TVC,RDC), 4% Agency Fee, 2% Football, 6% Outdoor, 24% Press, 15% TV, 39% Radio, 2% Others, 5% -5. 0 5. 0 15. 0 25. 0 35. 0 45. 0 55. 0 Citycell 14. 7 19. 5 20. 1 22. 9 18. 8 22. 6 21. 0 21. 0 Aktel 0. 0 3. 2 6. 8 0. 1 6. 0 0. 1 7. 0 5. 0 GP 34. 8 38. 6 41. 1 41. 2 41. 2 33. 4 37. 0 43. 0 Banglalink 34. 2 27. 6 26. 7 28. 6 22. 1 33. 0 23. 0 25. 0 Teletalk 0. 4 0. 4 0. 3 0. 0 0. 2 0. 3 0. 0 0. 0 Warid 15. 8 10. 7 4. 9 7. 2 11. 7 10. 7 12. 0 6. 0 Jan-08 Feb-08 Mar-08 Apr-08 May-08 Jun-08 Jul-08 Aug-08 . -5. 0 0. 0 5. 0 10. 0 15. 0 20. 0 25. 0 0. 0 35. 0 40. 0 Citycell 10. 5 23. 7 12. 7 18. 3 19. 8 17. 0 18. 5 25. 7 Aktel 4. 3 4. 8 8. 9 3. 0 6. 9 6. 1 18. 8 16. 4 Grameen 34. 2 37. 4 34. 3 23. 5 23. 8 21. 1 12. 2 21. 8 Banglalink 33. 1 21. 2 26. 0 26. 1 21. 1 35. 4 12. 9 22. 9 Teletalk 1. 3 0. 0 1. 5 4. 3 0. 2 1. 6 1. 5 2. 2 Warid 16. 5 13. 0 16. 6 24. 7 28. 2 18. 9 36. 1 10. 9 Jan08 Feb08 Mar08 Apr08 May08 Jun08 Jul08 Aug08 Revenue Generation Risk Management Billing and IT Workshop Collections Account Verification Front Office Service Delivery Fund Management Commercial LC Purchasing Finance and Commercial Purchase General Admin Procurement Contract, Legal and Protocol Administration and Human Resource Executive Senior Executive Manager FWT and Backbone -()[emailprotected][? Oc0[e0oe? IA ·A v? v? v? vnfn_[T[T[TPThibA hOhs? Ehs? E h%ihs? Eh J,5? ;? ? [emailprotected] | 5? ;? ? hâ‚ ¬X hs? E5? ;? ? hâ‚ ¬X hs? E5? ;? CJ ? aJ hO5? ;? CJ ? aJ h? [? ]5? ;? CJ ? aJ hIbNhIbN5? ;? CJ0? aJ0hO5Manager Corporate Sales Manager Channel Sales Manager Marketing Communication Manager Value Added Service Manager Brand Manager Product Development VP SVP Power Radio Frequency Microwave Planning Development Base Transceiver Station Central Base Station Control Switch Engineering Store (Sets and equipments) All type of payments collection Accounts